We performed a modeling study calibrating a coupled “true” hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator to a complex set of observations from a parent-child well pad in the STACK play located in the Anadarko Basin area of Oklahoma. The model was constrained by sealed wellbore pressure monitoring, interference testing, pressure responses during frac hits, production data, and responses to chemical treatment.
In URTeC-123-2019, a group of operators and service companies presented a step-by-step procedure for interpretation of diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs). The procedure has now been applied on a wide variety of data across North and South America. This paper statistically summarizes results from 62 of these DFITs, contributed by ten operators spanning nine different shale plays.
We performed a modeling study to compare the feasibility of three geothermal designs: a closed- loop heat exchanger, a closed-loop heat exchanger with hydraulic fractures engineered to contain thermally conductive material, and an open-loop two-well doublet with multistage fracturing along horizontal laterals. The study was performed with a fully integrated hydraulic fracturing, reservoir, and wellbore simulator. Simulations were performed at a variety of temperatures and operating conditions. The findings show that the closed-loop heat exchanger designs yield very low energy production per foot of wellbore drilled.
Dr. Egor Dontsov, Chief Scientist at ResFrac gave a presentation to the ARMA HFC Warm-Up Series entitled “Morphology of Simultaneously Propagating Hydraulic Fractures.” Current hydraulic fracture designs rely heavily on inducing multiple cracks within each stage. Field-scale hydraulic fracture simulations for such scenarios demonstrate that there are situations, in which fractures develop complex shapes, whereby each individual fracture has its own unique geometry that is very different from its neighbors.
Apache used ResFrac to tightly constrain their Midland Basin pad models. Apache is a leader in gathering and interpreting advanced diagnostics. In SPE-204172, Shahri et al., describe the detailed calibrations possible with ResFrac and cross-well engineered fiber from Silixa. ResFrac outputs the full stress and strain tensors at any location in the model. These data can be used to directly compare to the strain rate data gathered from cross-well fiber-optic monitoring.
In the last decade, we have observed major advancements in different modeling techniques for hydraulic fracturing propagation. Direct monitoring techniques such as fibre-optics can be used to calibrate these models and significantly enhance our understanding of subsurface processes. In this study, we present field monitoring observations indicating consistently oriented, planar fractures in an offset-well at different landing zones in the Permian basin. Frac hit counts, location, and timing statistics can be compiled from the data using offset wells at different distances and depths.
Stage length and perforation cluster spacing are important design parameters for multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. This study aims to demonstrate that the interplay between subtle variations of the least principal stress (Shmin) with depth and the stress shadows induced by simultaneously propagating hydraulic fractures from multiple perforation clusters, primarily determines the propped and fractured area in the target formations.
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