Generated by All in One SEO Pro v5.0.0.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # ResFrac Corporation Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Simulation ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://www.resfrac.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Blog](https://www.resfrac.com/blog) - Blog Detailed technical articles, company updates, and industry perspectives Want to learn more about what ResFrac is doing? Sign up for our monthly newsletter. Email Sign up The influence of well configuration on water loss in Enhanced Geothermal Systems Recently, ‘water loss’ has been a hot topic of discussion for EGS. Fervo reported that they - [The influence of well configuration on water loss in Enhanced Geothermal Systems](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/the-influence-of-well-configuration-on-water-loss-in-enhanced-geothermal-systems) - Recently, ‘water loss’ has been a hot topic of discussion for EGS. Fervo reported that they have been producing only 70% of the fluid volumes that they have been injecting at their Project Red. The FORGE project reported a roughly 10% water loss rate. Because projects will have finite water rights, these results have led to concern that growth of EGS will be limited by excessive water consumption. This is a valid concern, and water availability is a legitimate factor in site-selection and project engineering. However, I believe that the problem has been overstated. - [2026 ResFrac Annual Symposium Recap](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/2026-resfrac-annual-symposium-recap) - On June 25, 2026, we got the ResFrac community together both in-person at the ExxonMobil campus in Spring, Texas, and virtually around the globe for our Annual Symposium. With our community growing as fast as it is, the energy in the room was absolutely buzzing. We had a jam-packed day of operator case studies, deep-dive technical sessions, and some incredible geomechanical insights from industry legends. - [FracTest – An Online Tool for DFIT Interpretation](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/fractest-an-online-tool-for-dfit-interpretation) - This week, we are releasing FracTest, a web-based application for interpretation of diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs). FracTest is available at resapps.resfrac.com, alongside our other two ResApps, StageOpt and IntTest. DFITs are small-volume fracture injection tests used to estimate stress, pore pressure, and permeability. These quantities form the foundation of the fracture and reservoir engineering work that we do in ResFrac, and so we view DFIT interpretation as one of the most important parts of our workflow. - [Congratulations to Fervo on their IPO!](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/attending-the-fervo-ipo) - This week, I attended ResFrac customer Fervo Energy’s IPO on the Nasdaq. The positive energy was incredible. Roughly 100 people were there: Fervo employees, family, and members of the wider Fervo-supportive community. I was invited because ResFrac provides our software and services to Fervo, and also because I have been an advisor to the company since before its founding. As Jack reminded me this week, I introduced him and Tim! They founded Fervo around the same that ResFrac was being first released commercially, and they played an important role for our company because they were one of our earliest customers, and in turn, we were one of their first partners and vendors. Ever since then, ResFrac has been a core part of Fervo's workflow in doing stimulation design and reservoir engineering. - [ResFrac, a Leader in Advancing the Future of Subsurface Simulation, Receives Platform Investment from Banneker Partners](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-a-leader-in-advancing-the-future-of-subsurface-simulation-receives-platform-investment-from-banneker-partners) - Banneker Partners ("Banneker") today announced a platform investment in ResFrac Corporation ("ResFrac"), the developer of the industry's only fully integrated reservoir simulation and hydraulic fracturing platform. ResFrac uniquely couples reservoir simulation and hydraulic fracture modeling, enabling engineers to model a well's entire life cycle, from the moment rock is fractured through years of production, in a single, continuous simulation. This precision allows energy operators to test thousands of design scenarios in a virtual environment, optimizing completion design and maximizing resource recovery while minimizing capital risk. - [Interesting Papers from the 2026 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference (HFTC)](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/interesting-papers-from-the-2026-spe-hydraulic-fracturing-technology-conference-hftc) - The 2026 HFTC included 50+ technical paper presentations, a special session highlighting papers from the American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA), and a dynamic opening session featuring the Secretary of Energy, Chris Wright, and a diverse panel discussion with representatives from Chevron, Exxon, US Department of Energy, and Colorado School of Mines. - [ResFrac’s Automated Economic Optimization Tool](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfracs-automated-economic-optimization-tool) - ResFrac’s automated optimization tool allows you to quickly and easily identify the economically best well spacing and frac design. This blog post steps through a simple demo of our built-in economics engine that is similar to those used by commercial software in the industry. It accounts for details such as working interest, different types of taxes, time-varying operations cost, etc. - [Proppant distribution between perforation clusters](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/proppant-distribution-between-perforation-clusters) - This blog post summarizes the model for calculating proppant distribution between perforation clusters. A very detailed description of the model and literature review are available in [1]. The purpose here is to outline the model and its main features, to demonstrate the comparison with some of the available data (more comparisons in [1]), as well as to discuss limiting cases and sensitivities to various parameters. This blog post is solely focused on presenting the mathematical model. In future work, the results will be applied to practical optimization decisions. - [Interesting papers from the 2023 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/interesting-papers-from-the-2023-spe-hydraulic-fracturing-technology-conference) - The 2023 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference was last week, and as usual, it had an outstanding lineup of papers and speakers. This blog post has a brief lineup of some of the papers that I found most interesting. As in past years, this rundown focuses on papers that I found interesting, based on my own personal interests. Usually, I am most interested in papers that improve our understanding ‘what’s going on’ in the subsurface. Also, I coauthored a paper at the conference, so naturally, I can’t help but include it on this list! - [Optimization of perforation orientation for achieving uniform proppant distribution between clusters](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/optimization-of-perforation-orientation-for-achieving-uniform-proppant-distribution-between-clusters) - Previously, a mathematical model for the problem of slurry flow in a perforated wellbore was described and the underlying physical mechanisms were discussed. The purpose of this blog post, on the other hand, is to couple the model with an optimization algorithm to investigate optimal perforation orientations that lead to the desired uniform proppant distribution between perforations. A brief description of the model is added at the beginning to cater for readers who are not familiar with the previous blog post. - [A New Approach for Interference Test Analysis: Quantifying the Degree of Production Impact](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/a-new-approach-for-interference-test-analysis-quantifying-the-degree-of-production-impact) - This blog post summarizes a new procedure for interpreting interference tests in shale. The full procedure and a detailed writeup are provided by Almasoodi et al. (2023). Interference tests are one of the most effective diagnostics for assessing communication between neighboring wells. This information is critical for optimizing completion design and well spacing. - [Thermoelastic fracturing and buoyancy-driven convection – Surprising sources of longevity for EGS circulation](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/thermoelastic-fracturing-and-buoyancy-driven-convection-surprising-sources-of-longevity-for-egs-circulation) - To maximize value from an EGS system, we need to optimize flow rate, well spacing, and well configuration. These engineering decisions will make the difference between a money loser and a cash cow. I’ve recently run ResFrac simulations of long-term EGS circulation and observed some surprising and intriguing results. - [Introducing StageOpt – State-of-the-Art Calculations for Optimizing Perforation Design](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/introducing-stageopt-state-of-the-art-calculations-for-optimizing-perforation-design) - ResFrac Corporation is built around the ResFracPro simulator, which is the only commercial simulator that fully integrates genuine hydraulic fracture modeling and reservoir simulation. Now, we are broadening to build a complementary suite of apps – which we are called ‘ResApps.’ - [Previewing the Seven(!) ResFrac Papers to be Presented at the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/previewing-the-seven-resfrac-papers-to-be-presented-at-the-unconventional-resources-technology-conference) - Next week, ResFrac will be coauthoring seven papers at the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC). These papers include: operator case studies in the Haynesville, Marcellus, and Bakken, a study quantifying the effect of proppant uniformity on production and economics, a new procedure generalizing the Devon Quantification of Interference (DQI) method, and an excellent paper by a University of Texas PhD student on proppant flowback. - [Digesting the Bonkers, Incredible, Off-the-Charts, Spectacular Results from the Fervo and FORGE Enhanced Geothermal Projects](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/digesting-the-bonkers-incredible-off-the-charts-spectacular-results-from-the-fervo-and-forge-enhanced-geothermal-projects) - I’m out of superlatives – I used them all up in the title. But seriously – Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) projects have had a really, really good summer. In this article, I summarize the results that have been recently presented by Fervo and FORGE. At their annual Tech Day and in a white paper posted this week (Norbeck et al., 2024), Fervo Energy provided their first update on Project Cape, a Utah project where they are developing 400 MWe of new production over the next two years. So far, fourteen wells have been drilled, and three of them have been stimulated. - [Advanced ‘proppant transport in the well’ capabilities are now implemented in ResFrac!](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/advanced-proppant-transport-in-the-well-capabilities-are-now-implemented-in-resfrac) - Proppant transport in the well is an intriguing topic that has attracted a lot of interest in recent years [1-8]. Proppant transport processes determine the uniformity of proppant placement, which has a direct impact on productivity. Cipolla et al. estimate that the difference between poor and excellent proppant uniformity is about $2.5M in net present value per well. - [Testing the new Kryvenko model for proppant washout](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/testing-the-new-kryvenko-model-for-proppant-washout) - What controls proppant placement during hydraulic fracturing? As described in Chapter 8 from McClure et al. (2025), ResFrac incorporates a variety of physical processes – viscous drag, gravitational settling, hindered settling, clustered settling, bed slumping, and more. In addition, ResFrac accounts for the complex physics associated with proppant flowing out of the wellbore (Dontsov, 2023; Ponners et al., 2025). - [Production impact of horizontal fractures](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/production-impact-of-horizontal-fractures) - At the 2025 SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference, we (Dontsov, Zoback, McClure, and Fowler) presented “Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Along Bedding Planes Might Be More Prevalent Than We Think” (SPE-226637). The paper reviewed case studies with evidence of horizontal or bedding plane fractures from microseismic, fiber optics, core observations, and casing deformation. - [The New ResFrac User Interface](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/new-resfrac-user-interface) - The new ResFrac user interface is fully operational! It was released in November, and since then, we’ve been regularly rolling out major updates. It’s been a large and complex team effort. The heavy lifting was done by Charles Kang, Soma Medam, and engineers with MentorMate. Particular thanks to Mariyana Naidenova, Denislav Ganchev, Zdravko Tyankov, Milen - [Introducing ResFrac's Sensitivity Analysis Tools](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/introducing-resfracs-sensitivity-analysis-tools) - ResFrac's sensitivity analysis tools help operators to create, run and interpret batches of simulations that vary systematically, enabling convenient and reliable work flows to test ideas and optimize economic performance. - [Collaborating with whitson to Improve ResFrac’s Fluid Modeling](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/collaborating-whitson-improve-resfracs-fluid-modeling) - Recently, we’ve been fortunate to work with whitson (https://whitson.com/) on work for a mutual client. Founded by Prof. Curtis Whitson at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, they specialize in building models of petroleum fluids. This blog post summarizes our work with them. They also wrote a blog post on this topic, which can - [ResFrac Simulation Training](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-simulation-training) - Thank you to all involved in the ResFrac simulation training course held in early 2020–it was a resounding success! With the subsequent onset of COVID-19 social distancing restrictions, this will be our last in-person training for the indefinite future. Upcoming events are: June 9-11, ResFrac Virtual Simulation Training (remote) October 8-9, in Denver, CO following - [The Case for Planar Fracture Models](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/case-planar-fracture-models) - This post grapples with a complicated, nuanced, and important topic: what do hydraulic fractures look like and how should we model them? Should we use planar fracture models or ‘complex’ hydraulic fracture network models? On June 27, I attended the ARMA Hydraulic Fracturing Committee (HFC) workshop in New York. I was inspired by the quality - [A new core-across study may lead to a paradigm shift in our understanding of hydraulic fracturing in shale](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/new-core-across-study-may-lead-paradigm-shift-our-understanding-hydraulic-fracturing-shale) - In this post, I discuss an important new paper, “Sampling a Stimulated Rock Volume: An Eagle Ford Example,” by Raterman et al., which was presented at URTeC in July. This paper is an instant classic (kind of like Game 5 of the World Series last Sunday!). - [Horizontal hydraulic fractures in ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/horizontal-hydraulic-fractures-in-resfrac) - Horizontal hydraulic fracture propagation is believed to be widespread in shale plays where the frac gradient approaches the overburden – such as the Vaca Muerta, Utica, and Montney. However, horizontal propagation is nearly always ignored in hydraulic fracture modeling. In ResFrac, we are obsessed with ‘getting the physics right’, and so naturally, we extended our simulator to handle horizontal fracturing. The first version of this new capability was released earlier this year. We are eager to start collecting feedback from users, which will help us to fine tune the algorithm and workflow. - [2020 ResFrac Symposium](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/2020-resfrac-symposium) - Last month we hosted our annual ResFrac Symposium - our annual event for ResFrac customers. In keeping with the times, the event took place over Zoom instead of in-person. Despite the remote format, the meeting was a resounding success. In the words of one participant: “I was blown away by the quality of the presentations, - [Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests: The Basics](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/diagnostic-fracture-injection-tests-basics) - In a diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT), a relatively small volume of fluid is injected into the subsurface, creating a hydraulic fracture. After the end of injection, the pressure in the wellbore is monitored for hours or days. The pressure measurements are used to infer properties of the formation, including the leakoff coefficient, permeability, fracture - [How to plot a DFIT](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/how-plot-dfit) - Aside from the diversity of terminology, the diversity of plotting techniques is the aspect of DFIT analysis that most often causes confusion. Why don’t we just make a Cartesian plot of pressure versus time? There are two primary reasons: (1) behaviors of interest occur at different timescales, making it impossible to observe everything on a single Cartesian - [Demystifying the G-function](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/demystifying-g-function) - Diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs) are commonly interpreted by plotting pressure versus a function of time called the G-function. The G-function seems rather arcane and is often misunderstood. However, it has a simple, intuitive meaning. In this post, I will try to demystify the G-function. The G-function was presented by Ken Nolte in his paper “Determination - [Curving G-function plots and picking closure](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/curving-g-function-plots-and-picking-closure) - G-function plots are routinely used to interpret diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) transients. Ideally, a plot of pressure versus G and G*dP/dG versus G should form a straight line. However, the G*dP/dG curve is very often curving. A typical DFIT transient is shown below. - [Using RTA to Aid ResFrac History Matching](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/using-rta-aid-resfrac-history-matching) - Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) is commonly used to analyze production in unconventional reservoirs. The concept of RTA is to use rate signatures of producing wells to estimate properties such as permeability and fracture surface area. For more detailed analysis, fracture simulators, reservoir simulators, and coupled fracture/reservoir simulators, like ResFrac, can be used. - [Do fractures propagate symmetrically?](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/do-fractures-propagate-symmetrically) - Typically, hydraulic fracture simulations predict symmetrical propagation away from the wellbore. For example, the figure below shows a ResFrac simulation of fracturing and production in a 200 ft horizontal stage with 50 ft cluster spacing. For visibility, the axis is stretched 15x perpendicular to the fractures. The camera looks down on the fractures from above, - [Applying ResFrac to Optimize Cluster Spacing](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/applying-resfrac-optimize-cluster-spacing) - Multistage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells enables economic production from low permeability resources. A variety of parameters needs to be optimized: stage spacing, cluster spacing, well spacing, well landing depth, injection rate, injection volume per stage, proppant mass per stage, proppant type, fluid type, injection sequence, perforation design, and more. To a large extent, these - [Craig et al. (2017) present data and claim it refutes the fracture compliance method – actually, it shows the exact opposite](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/craig-et-al-2017-present-data-and-claim-it-refutes-fracture-compliance-method-actually-it) - Introduction Back in February, I was at an SPE DFIT workshop where David Craig (one of the vocal advocates of the ‘holistic’ method of picking fracture closure) said that he would have a paper at the SPE ATCE with field data that directly validates the holistic method and refutes the fracture compliance method. He declined - [Fluid conduction in closed fractures and implications for DFIT interpretation](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/fluid-conduction-closed-fractures-and-implications-dfit-interpretation) - In this post, I address a topic that seems esoteric, but it has critical implications for understanding how DFITs respond to closure. In turn, this directly affects how we estimate stress and permeability. The question under investigation: do fractures store and conduct fluid after they close? My answer: in most DFITs, yes. Two caveats: unless the formation is extremely soft or ductile (allowing residual aperture to be nearly zero) or the matrix permeability is sufficiently high (making the residual fracture conductivity so small relative to the matrix permeability that it is negligible). Note that as fluid pressure draws down after mechanical closure, conductivity decreases. So it is possible that fractures that are hydraulically conductive during a DFIT may effectively close when fluid pressure is drawn down during long-term production (this depends on the stiffness and strength of the asperities that allow the mechanically "closed" fracture to retain aperture). - [Postclosure DFIT interpretation: Demystifying the Linear Flow Time Function](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/postclosure-dfit-interpretation-demystifying-linear-flow-time-function) - “Postclosure” interpretation is used to infer formation permeability from DFIT pressure measurements. As reviewed in previous posts, the goal of a DFIT is to infer formation properties, of which permeability is one of the most important. A plot of pressure versus G-time can be used to infer permeability from the early-time “preclosure” data. In postclosure - [Practical guidelines for DFIT interpretation using the ‘compliance method’ procedure from URTeC-2019-123](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/practical-guidelines-for-dfit-interpretation-using-the-compliance-method-procedure-from-urtec-2019-123) - This blog post provides practical tips for interpreting Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFITs) using the ‘compliance method’ procedure initially developed by McClure et al. (2016) and refined in the paper URTeC-2019-123, which summarized results from a joint industry study performed with a consortium of operators. - [DFIT, LOT, XLOT, Minifrac, Microfrac, Fracture Calibration Test: Navigating the Terminology](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/dfit-lot-xlot-minifrac-microfrac-fracture-calibration-test-navigating-terminology) - A bewildering variety of terms are used to describe tests in which a small volume of fluid is injected to create a hydraulic fracture: DFIT, leakoff test (LOT), extended leakoff test (XLOT), minifrac test, microfrac test, fracture calibration test, and more. These terms are commonly used interchangeably to refer to a fracture injection test. However, - [DFIT Study Update](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/dfit-study-update) - The DFIT Industry Study kicked off in January 2018 with six major operators and one service company participating. We have been holding meetings every three months, and the study will conclude at the end of 2018. The detailed results won’t be shared until next year. However, I can now provide a general update on the findings. I am really looking forward to sharing the full results! - [Modeling Frac Hit Damage in ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/modeling-frac-hit-damage-resfrac) - Shale wells often experience huge production losses after a frac hit. For example, Figure 22 from King et al. (2017) shows a parent well in the Woodford that experienced a 65% reduction in oil production after it was hit by the fracturing of a neighboring child well. Production damage is not limited to parent wells - [Best Practices in Interpretation of DFIT Tests for Shmin, Permeability, and Pore Pressure](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/best-practices-interpretation-dfit-tests-shmin-permeability-and-pore-pressure) - DFIT interpretation has been a theme of the work that we’ve done within ResFrac. Our collaborative 2018 Industry Study, which culminated in one of the ‘Best of URTeC’ papers in 2019, developed significant new advances in interpretation. I've recorded a roughly two-hour talk summarizing the findings from that study, along with related work done at UT - [Calibration of Wellbore Pressure During and After Fracturing](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/calibration-wellbore-pressure-during-and-after-fracturing) - In this post, I go through basic relationships between variables in a pressure match. I discuss some of the strategies that we use for pressure matching, and try to impart intuition into how different physical processes affect the observations. - [Theoretical and Empirical Problems with the Holistic Permeability Correlation for DFIT Interpretation](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/theoretical-and-empirical-problems-holistic-permeability-correlation-dfit-interpretation) - In this post, I focus on a particular correlation that is sometimes used in the industry to estimate permeability from a shale DFIT: the ‘holistic permeability correlation.' I show that this correlation can greatly overestimate permeability. When applied to optimize frac design, well spacing, and cluster spacing, overestimated permeability leads to significant loss of economic value. - [The Value of Subsurface Modeling](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/value-subsurface-modeling) - ResFrac’s physics-based subsurface modeling helps oil and gas operators to identify inconsistent data, explain complex phenomena, and optimize decision making. - [Integrated Reservoir Modeling Supports a Culture of Continuous Improvement](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/integrated-reservoir-modeling-supports-culture-continuous-improvement) - The ResFrac mission is to accelerate the process of continuous improvement. We simulate the entire well lifecycle in a single integrated simulation, help operators to synthesize information, make changes, and continue to improve. - [The ResFrac Parent/Child Industry Study has Kicked Off!](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-parentchild-industry-study-has-kicked) - ResFrac's Industry Study will be studying the interactions between parent wells and child wells (infill wells) to identify optimizations that improve economic performance. - [Recorded ARMA HFC ‘Warm-Up’ series webinar – A Continuous Fracture Front Tracking Algorithm with Multi-Layer Tip Elements (MuLTipEl)](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/recorded-arma-hfc-warm-series-webinar-continuous-fracture-front-tracking-algorithm-multi-layer) - In this talk delivered for ARMA HFC ‘Warm-Up’ webinar Series, Egor Dontsov outlines his latest work at ResFrac, which raises the bar in hydraulic fracture modeling by creating a continuous fracture front tracking algorithm with multi-layer tip elements (MuLTipEl). - [What’s New: HFTC, the Parent/Child Industry Study, HFTS2, Supercritical Geothermal, DFIT, and Automated History Matching](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/whats-new-hftc-parentchild-industry-study-hfts2-supercritical-geothermal-dfit-and-automated) - This post reviews some of the more interesting things happening at ResFrac right now: HFTC paper with Apache on Calibrating models with offset fiber, parent/child well industry study, HFTS2 project, engineering geothermal systems, DFIT's and automated history matching. - [Geologists Recommend Eating At Least One Small Rock Per Day](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/geologists-recommend-eating-least-one-small-rock-day) - Professor Zoback in The Onion - [Joe Frantz Joins ResFrac Team](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/joe-frantz-joins-resfrac-team) - It is my great pleasure to become part of the ResFrac team. They are a talented group of hard-working people. I first met Mark over two years ago at an SPE Conference. He was passionate about building the ResFrac model and starting a DFIT consortium. Range Resources joined the consortium and I became familiar with its - [With Lower Prices, Operators Need to Reoptimize Well Spacing and Frac Design](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/lower-prices-operators-need-reoptimize-well-spacing-and-frac-design) - On April 20, WTI traded as low as -\/bbl, the lowest ‘price’ ever. Massive demand reduction caused by COVID-19 coupled with a collapse in OPEC+ supply constraints have conspired to bring our market the equivalent of a 100-year flood. Rigs are being laid down at a shocking pace, and the industry is experiencing a massive - [Why Deep Closed-Loop Geothermal Is Guaranteed To Fail](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/why-deep-closed-loop-geothermal-guaranteed-fail) - Deep closed-loop geothermal relies on heat conduction to bring energy to the wellbore. Conduction through rock is slow: a fundamental problem that will prevent the concept from ever being economically viable. - [Why Multistage Stimulation is the Most Exciting Idea in Geothermal](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/why-multistage-stimulation-most-exciting-idea-geothermal) - This blog post reviews technical opportunities and challenges for next-generation geothermal systems. Multistage hydraulic stimulation, which has been transformative in the oil and gas space, has the potential to create a breakthrough for geothermal energy. - [Recorded ARMA 'Robe Talk' - The Case for Planar Fracture Modeling](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/recorded-arma-robe-talk-case-planar-fracture-modeling) - Should we use 'planar fracture' models or 'complex fracture network' models? Exciting new field data has been published by operators that helps us answer this question, at least for modeling hydraulic fracturing in shale. In this talk delivered for the ARMA HFC 'Robe Talk' Series, I lay out the case for 'planar fracture modeling' in shale. - [ResFrac Office Hours](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-office-hours) - Join us for ResFrac office hours with the ResFrac team. Each Tuesday evening for at least the next four weeks, the ResFrac team will host a zoom meeting to discuss your questions on hydraulic fracturing, phenomena in unconventional reservoirs, and more. We'll be having a new discussion each week, so click to register for all of - [ResFrac Closes a Round of Equity Financing from Altira Group](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-closes-round-equity-financing-altira-group) - At the end of April, we closed a second round of equity financing from Altira Group. This funding gives us a strong cash cushion and puts us in a good position to continue to grow through 2020, in spite of the industry downturn. This is a good occasion for me to reflect on what Altira - [Notable Papers from HFTC 2021](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/notable-papers-hftc-2021) - Highlights from the 2021 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference - [HFTC 2020](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/hftc-2020) - HFTC is next week, and it looks like a great lineup. This week, I skimmed through about 40 of the papers that will be at the conference, and read some of them closely. Here are some papers that I found particularly interesting: “Monitoring the Pulse of a Well through Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring…” by Haustveit, - [What ‘company culture’ means to us](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/what-company-culture-means-to-us) - We recently held our annual company retreat. This is an important event because we are a fully remote company, and it gives us the chance to get together in-person and spend quality time. This year, we did the retreat in Houston, following URTeC and our annual symposium. We visited Space Center Houston, went to an Astros game, and ate BBQ and Tex-Mex. As a Houston native, I picked some of my favorite things to do in town! We also held a meeting on ‘company culture.’ I asked the group – how do you perceive our company culture? What do we do well, and what could we do better? Here are the highlights. - [Horizontal hydraulic fractures in shales: are they real?](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/horizontal-hydraulic-fractures-in-shales-are-they-real) - One of our newest projects is adding horizontal fracture propagation. Under most conditions, hydraulic fractures form vertically, not laterally. However, in specific circumstances, horizontal fractures develop. Sometimes, they form in addition to vertical fractures, and sometimes, they form exclusively without any vertical fractures. Horizontal fracture propagation has not conventionally been included in commercial hydraulic fracturing simulators, but we think this is a capability well-worth developing. - [Welcoming Dr. Thomas Finkbeiner to the team as a Senior Technical Advisor](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/welcoming-dr-thomas-finkbeiner-to-the-team-as-a-senior-technical-advisor) - ResFrac is honored to welcome Dr. Thomas Finkbeiner to the team as a Senior Technical Advisor. Having lived many years in the region and consulted with Saudi Aramco and others, Thomas brings valuable technical and regional expertise to the ResFrac team. We look forward to his contribution as we develop and penetrate the rapidly growing Middle East market. - [Automated history matching to fracture geometries as measured by Volume to First Response (VFR): A Tutorial](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/automated-history-matching-to-fracture-geometries-as-measured-by-volume-to-first-response-vfr-a-tutorial) - In this post, I will walk through a simple example of using SWPM to calibrate the fracture geometries of a hypothetical data set leveraging the ResFrac Automated History Matching functionality to expedite the workflow. In a follow-on post, I use the model to demonstrate some intuitions on fracture geometry using the Sensitivity Analysis functionality as well as some nuances of VFR calibration. - [ResFrac at the Comrades Marathon in South Africa (an Ultramarathon)](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-at-the-comrades-marathon-in-south-africa-an-ultramarathon) - Comrades Marathon is the world’s largest and oldest ultramarathon. The first race was in 1921. The number of registrants for this year was capped at 20k. The marathon runs from the city of Durban to Pietermaritzburg (“up” run) or in the other direction (“down” run). The “down” run is a little bit longer at around 90 km, while the “up” run is 87 km. This year we did the “down” run, but it was shortened to 87.7 km or 54.5 miles. “15 minutes less of pleasure” - as one of my friends said. - [Recent Recorded Talks on EGS and DFIT](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/recent-recorded-talks-on-egs-and-dfit) - Below are links to watch two recently recorded talks. The first was a presentation with ThinkGeoEnergy discussing the impressive results from Fervo Energy's recent Project Red pilot. The second was a presentation with whitson summarizing the URTeC-2019-123 compliance method procedure for interpreting DFITs. If you are interested in either topic, please check them out! - [Notable papers from the 2024 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/notable-papers-from-the-2024-spe-hydraulic-fracturing-technology-conference) - Last week wrapped another outstanding SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. Every year, I write a blog post highlighting notable HFTC papers. Here is this year’s edition! As in past years, this is not an attempt to pick the ‘best’ papers. It’s a selection of papers that I personally found insightful, based on my own interests and specialization. - [Fervo Energy’s ‘Project Red’ Results Are a Historic Breakthrough for Geothermal Energy – What Comes Next?](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/fervo-energys-project-red-results-are-a-historic-breakthrough-for-geothermal-energy-what-comes-next) - Fervo Energy announced the results from their ‘Project Red’ pilot in northern Nevada (Norbeck and Latimer, 2023; Ma, 2023). The results are spectacular. For nearly 50 years, the goal of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (aka, Hot Dry Rock) has been to convert low permeability, hot formations into economically viable geothermal reservoirs (Murphy et al., 1977). Success has been elusive. During stimulation, flow tends to localize into a small number of flowing fracture pathways. This limits the flow capacity and heat sweep efficiency of the resulting reservoir. - [Impact of well orientation on well productivity](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/impact-of-well-orientation-on-well-productivity) - Hydraulic fractures tend to propagate in a plane that is perpendicular to the least principal stress, as noted by Hubbert and Willis in 1957. As a result, unconventional oil and gas wells are typically drilled in the direction of Shmin to maximize drainage area. However, in some regions, due to acreage constrains by operators, wells are drilled in different directions, regardless of the stress orientation to maximize acreage production by maximizing the number of wells per acreage. - [Recorded ARMA HFC 2023 Series Presentation– Optimization of Perforation Phasing for Improving Uniformity of Proppant Distribution Between Clusters](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/recorded-arma-hfc-2023-series-presentation-optimization-of-perforation-phasing-for-improving-uniformity-of-proppant-distribution-between-clusters) - This ARMA Hydraulic Fracturing Community (HFC) presentation summarizes the work on proppant transport in horizontal perforated wellbores. Specifically, it discusses the model for proppant distribution between perforations depending on their orientation and location within the stage, optimal configurations are proposed, and performance is evaluated. - [ResFrac at the Breckenridge Imperial Challenge](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-at-the-imperial-challenge-in-breckenridge-co) - It’s that time of year again for our ResFrac team to embark upon the Imperial Challenge in Breckenridge, CO! As with last year, Egor, Dirk (ResFrac investor), and Garrett tackled the challenge this year. The Imperial Challenge is an annual triathlon where racers bike or run from the town of Breckenridge 6 miles and 850 feet up to the base of the Breckenridge ski resort, then skin (ski uphill) 3000 ft to the peak of the resort at 12,998 ft, then… ski off the other side. - [Technical barriers for deep closed-loop geothermal](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/technical-barriers-for-deep-closed-loop-geothermal) - This is the most exciting time in my lifetime for geothermal. There are many, many innovative things happening. To name a few – promising new approaches to Enhanced Geothermal Systems, geothermal projects in sedimentary and lower enthalpy formations, new approaches for geothermal exploration, lithium extraction from produced brines, geothermal energy storage, integrations with CO2 storage and capture, and new technologies for producing energy from hot water that is coproduced with oil and gas. However, this post is about a concept about which I remain skeptical – deep closed-loop heat exchangers (McClure, 2021). These designs are sometimes called ‘Advanced Geothermal Systems,’ AGS (Malek et al., 2022). - [Modeling simulfracs and subsurface implications](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/simulfrac) - Simulfrac’s are growing in popularity (see 2021 JPT article for when the trend was just gaining momentum). The idea is that one pumping crew can treat two wells simultaneously versus one well at a time. As such, a frac crew may zipper four wells at a time versus two. At ResFrac we are seeing an increase in simulfrac interest across our consulting and license customers. Simulfrac’ing wells within the ResFrac software is simple to set up without any complicated modifications – so this makes ResFrac an ideal platform to investigate the effects of simulfracs. - [A shale booster shot: 'Re-fracs' rise as cheap way to lift U.S. oil output](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/a-shale-booster-shot-re-fracs-rise-as-cheap-way-to-lift-u-s-oil-output) - June 27 (Reuters) - U.S. shale oil producers are returning to existing wells and giving them a second, high-pressure blast to lift output for a fraction of the cost of finishing a new well. These "re-fracs" are taking hold as shale oil producers look to take advantage of $100 a barrel crude without making big investments in new wells and fields. - [2022 ResFrac Annual Symposium](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/2022-resfrac-annual-symposium) - Last week we held our Fourth Annual ResFrac Symposium. The premise of the event is to bring together ResFrac users to share use cases, best practices, and general developments in the industry. This year was our biggest yet, with nearly 100 people joining either in-person or online throughout the day-long event, representing 26 different oil, gas, and geothermal operating companies, seven universities, and several service company collaborators. - [Simulating ‘Fractal Fracture Swarms’ in a General-Purpose Reservoir Simulator](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/simulating-fractal-fracture-swarms-in-a-general-purpose-reservoir-simulator) - This blog post describes a new capability in ResFrac to capture the effect of ‘fracture swarms’ on production decline trends. Based on work from Acuna (2020), the idea is that variable spacing between fractures causes a gradual onset of production interference. Fractures in a swarm may be numerous and tightly spaced, so rather than representing each individual crack in the model, we treat each swarm as a single crack and use a numerical technique to capture their effects. In ResFrac, this capability is useful because it provides another mechanism for explaining (and matching) production drawdown trends. For further details, refer to Section 19.10 from McClure et al. (2022). - [How to Diagnose False Radial Flow in a Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test (DFIT)](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/how-to-diagnose-false-radial-flow-in-a-diagnostic-fracture-injection-test-dfit) - Genuine radial flow is rare in shale DFITs. If it does occur, it is typically observed in tests with very low injection volume (less than 10-20 bbl), unusually long shut-in (longer than one week), and relatively high permeability (greater than one microdarcy). Genuine radial flow should only be diagnosed if it occurs after an extended (at least one log cycle) period of after-closure linear flow. If ‘false radial’ flow is misdiagnosed and used to estimate permeability, it leads to a large overestimate (10-100x). - [Reflections from the 2022 Geothermal Rising Conference](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/reflections-from-the-2022-geothermal-rising-conference-2) - This is an exciting time for EGS. Multistage hydraulic fracturing has tremendous potential to improve the productivity of geothermal wells in low permeability formations. Projects are happening right now to test this concept in full-scale EGS wells. If they prove successful, we could soon see a major increase in geothermal energy production. - [Highlights on propagation from preexisting fractures in ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/highlights-on-propagation-from-preexisting-fractures-in-resfrac) - The purpose of this blog post is to cover recently developed ResFrac capability that allows investigation of the effect of natural fractures on hydraulic fracture propagation. While this option has always been available for the ‘discrete’ propagation algorithm, now it also has become available for the ‘continuous’ algorithm. There are some noticeable changes compared to the previous implementation and they are covered next. - [Automated History Matching and Economic Optimization of an Eagle Ford Refrac](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/automated-history-matching-and-economic-optimization-of-an-eagle-ford-refrac) - In this blog post, we review a refracturing and economic optimization case study. The model and history match are loosely based on “SPE Data Repository Well #1,” a publicly available refracturing and production dataset from the Eagle Ford shale. This post extends the analysis that we presented at a recent SPE workshop, “What New for PTA and RTA”. - [ResFrac Retreat in Colorado](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-retreat-in-colorado) - For the first time in more than two years, the entire (almost!) ResFrac team gathered in Denver. We mixed education (thank you to our friends at Liberty Services for showing us the nuts and bolts of frac’ing)...… with fun. - [Commentary on Four New DFIT Papers: (a) Direct In-Situ Measurements of Fracture Opening/Closing from the EGS Collab Project; (b) Comparison of Stress Measurement Techniques from the Bedretto Project; (c) a Statistical Summary of 62 DFITs Interpretations Across Nine Shale Plays; and (d) A Different Perspective: An Article Advocating the Use of the Tangent Method](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/commentary-on-four-new-dfit-papers-a-direct-in-situ-measurements-of-fracture-opening-closing-from-the-egs-collab-project-b-comparison-of-stress-measurement-techniques-from-the-bedretto-project) - This post provides commentary on recent four papers on diagnostic fracture injection testing (DFIT). The first paper uses in-situ deformation measurements to directly observe fractures opening and closing during fracture injection-falloff tests (Guglielmi et al., 2022). The second compares various stress measurement techniques in a series of fracture/injection tests from the Bedretto project (Bröker and Ma, 2022). The third statistically reviews results from applying the interpretation procedure from McClure et al. (2019) to 62 DFITs across nine different shale plays (McClure et al., 2022). The fourth is an op-ed written in JPT (Journal of Petroleum Technology) by an advocate of the tangent method for estimating DFIT closure stress (Buijs, 2021; 2022). This article presupposes that the reader already has familiarity with these topics. If you would like more background, please refer to McClure et al. (2019). - [Notable Papers from SPE HFTC 2022](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/notable-papers-from-spe-hftc-2022) - The SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference (HFTC) was last week. There were tons of great, practically relevant, papers. People are really locked-in on the key value drivers. This blog post gives a sampling of a few of the papers that I found most interesting. I don’t discuss any of the ResFrac papers because they were in a previous blog post. - [Four ResFrac papers at HFTC 2022!](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/four-resfrac-papers-at-hftc-2022) - We at ResFrac are coauthoring four papers at HFTC. The papers describe a parent/child case study performed with Devon in the SCOOP/STACK, our new automated history matching and economic optimization tools, a new crack propagation algorithm designed to improve numerical accuracy and handling of thin layers, and a modeling study on application of multistage hydraulic fracturing for geothermal energy extraction. - [Understanding fracture morphology](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/understanding-fracture-morphology) - Field scale hydraulic fracture simulations reveal a variety of complex fracture geometries. Very often stress interaction between the fractures leads to very asymmetric fracture growth within a stage. At the same time, for some other cases, all the fractures are more regularly shaped and symmetric. This blog post presents results of numerical simulations and analysis demonstrating how fracture morphology changes versus problem parameters for some fundamental cases. The results can be used to better understand the observed fracture complexity in a field scale simulation or as a guideline to achieve the desired fracture morphology. - [Epistemic Challenges for Subsurface Engineering, Part I: The Persistence of False Beliefs](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/epistemic-challenges-subsurface-engineering-part-i-persistence-false-beliefs) - In a recent blog post, I outlined how companies use field tests, modeling, statistical analysis, and laboratory studies to improve over time. Information is synthesized as part of an iterative process of continuous improvement. In this post, I discuss what happens when the process of continuous improvement runs into trouble. In uncertain environments (like subsurface shale), there is a tendency toward overconfidence. We need to act, and in doing so convince ourselves that we are making the right decision. Sometimes we hire experts who ‘confidently confirm’ our beliefs. This is symptomatic of a phenomenon called confirmation bias, where we tend to ignore new data and outcomes that contradict our initial beliefs. After committing to strong claims, we may have difficulty changing course when it becomes apparent that they are not consistent with observations. This can cause false beliefs to persist for years, long after they have been falsified by field data. - [Epistemic Challenges for Subsurface Engineering, Part II: Creating Value with a Hypothesis-Driven Workflow](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/epistemic-challenges-subsurface-engineering-part-ii-creating-value-hypothesis-driven-workflow) - How can we reconsider our approach to subsurface engineering in order to evaluate claims of truth and drive long-term value? I propose a hypothesis-driven approach, in which field testing is placed at the center of our efforts to assess the truth and improve over time. Physics-based and data-driven approaches are used as hypothesis-generating activities that motivate and prioritize hypothesis testing through field operations. Effective field testing requires the coordination of operations to enable clean well-to-well production comparisons and the design of data collection to enable strongly supported conclusions. Field testing need not increase the cost of field operations if it is done through intentional and thoughtful planning. - [ResFrac user meeting](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-user-meeting) - Last month we held our third annual ResFrac Symposium, where users presented case studies and panel discussions on industry topics. This year’s lineup featured six operator-speakers as well as guests from the DOE and an independent consultant. We had several talks centered around core workflows enabled by teams using ResFrac: collecting data, facilitating multidisciplinary discussions, calibrating to field diagnostics, and performing economic optimization of prospective designs. - [ResFrac Endurance Team takes on The Triple Bypass](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-endurance-team-takes-on-the-triple-bypass) - Three brave ResFrac riders took on the Triple Bypass rider in Colorado on August 21. The Triple Bypass is a famous Colorado ride stretching 110 miles and climbing 11,000 ft between Evergreen, CO and Vail, CO. Egor Donstov, Janz Rondon, and Garrett Fowler rode this year, sporting ResFrac jerseys and lively Mongoose tattoos. While Egor and Garrett enjoyed the views, Janz powered up the climbs, finishing in eighth in a field of over 500 riders in the 40+ category. - [ResFrac Endurance Team: Race Reports](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-endurance-team-race-reports) - The team has been consistently busy over the last few months, but somehow along the way, our ResFrac Endurance team hasn't stopped racing and training, setting and achieving goals. We have some race reports to share about the last few months of achievements. Join us in cheering for our ResFrac crew! - [ResFrac Updates: New Website, New Logo, and New Crack Propagation Algorithm (MuLTipEl)](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-updates-new-website-new-logo-and-new-crack-propagation-algorithm-multipel) - ResFrac is releasing Egor Dontsov’s new crack propagation algorithm, MuLTipEl, a major new development in the field of fracture modeling. The algorithm tracks the position of the crack tip within each crack element, giving us unlimited spatial resolution to handle propagation across thin layers, and enables high accuracy 3D crack propagation calculations, even if using a relatively coarse mesh and accounts for detailed layering and heterogeneity of the formation. - [ResFrac Endurance Team](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/resfrac-endurance-team) - The ResFrac team has been going full speed this year! At our ‘virtual water-cooler', I noticed that we have quite a few team members who are endurance and/or competitive athletes and did interviews to learn more about our athletic pursuits and how we have been able to fit athleticism in even around the most challenging schedules and in the craziest of years. Here are a few things I learned... - [Another Boulder on the Pile of Evidence Against the Tangent Method of Picking Fracture Closure](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/another-boulder-pile-evidence-against-tangent-method-picking-fracture-closure) - There has been a lot of controversy over the past five years over how to estimate stress/closure pressure from shut-in pressure transients from Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFITs). Today, I am reporting on an important new publication relevant to the discussion: “Hydromechanical insight of fracture opening and closure during in-situ hydraulic fracturing in crystalline rock” ## Pages - [Home](https://www.resfrac.com/) - Better fracs. Better wells. Better returns. ResFrac is the oil and gas industry's only fully coupled fracturing and reservoir simulation software. - [2026 July ResFracPro Fundamentals](https://www.resfrac.com/2026-july-resfracpro-fundamentals) - July 13-16 ResFracPro Fundamentals Virtual Training Course Thank you for participating in the July 2026 ResFracPro Fundamentals training. We hope you found the sessions valuable and that they are providing a strong foundation for applying ResFracPro to your own datasets.Please use the password provided to you to view the recordings from the course, along with - [About](https://www.resfrac.com/about) - About us ResFrac is used by 75+ leading E&P companies Built on science-based decision-making Operators are engaged in a process of continuous improvement – with a relentless focus on maximizing free cash flow. We apply cutting-edge technology and a rigorous workflow to accelerate the improvement cycle.A highly regarded colleague once said: “We reserve the right - [Software](https://www.resfrac.com/software) - ResFracPro The future of simulation: genuine integration of hydraulic fracturing and reservoir modeling Reality has tight coupling between hydraulic fracturing and the reservoir. Your simulator should too. Fracture propagation 3D fracture initiation and propagation, interaction between wells, stress shadowing, proppant transport, complex fluid additives and non-Newtonian flow, diverters, and wellbore dynamics. Reservoir flow and geomechanics - [2026 ResFrac Annual Symposium Recordings](https://www.resfrac.com/2026-resfrac-annual-symposium-recordings) - ResFrac Annual Symposium 2026 Hello ResFrac Users,First of all, we want to thank you ALL for your contributions and participation at our 8th Annual ResFrac Symposium. We enjoyed excellent presentations from customers and industry experts and so far our feedback on the event has been resoundingly positive. As promised, you can find a recording of - [ResFrac 2026 URTeC RSVP](https://www.resfrac.com/2026-urtec-rsvp) - You are invited to join the ResFrac, Reservoir Data Systems, and Enverus teams for our URTeC Happy Hour! We hope you can join us! RSVP below. - [ResApps](https://www.resfrac.com/resapps) - ResApps Tools to facilitate key engineering and geoscience workflows Cutting-edge capabilities in practical, easy-to-use apps StageOpt Predict the effect of perforation design on fluid and proppant transport from the wellbore. IntTest Apply the CPG and DQI procedures to assess fracture conductivity and degree of production impact. FracTest Accurately estimate stress, permeability, and pore pressure from - [2026 Annual Symposium](https://www.resfrac.com/2026-annual-symposium) - 2026 ResFrac Annual Symposium About this eventEach year ResFrac hosts an Annual Symposium for our customers and clients. This year we are excited to return with a hybrid event on June 25, 2026, allowing participants to join us in-person or remotely. Our in-person contingent will meet in Spring, TX, and our virtual attendees will receive - [ResFrac Training Courses](https://www.resfrac.com/training) - ResFrac Fundamentals Training Courses Simulate the Entire Life Cycle of an Unconventional Well with a Single Simulator About these coursesResFrac’s simulator training course addresses economic optimization in the context of cluster spacing, well spacing, fluid and proppant volumes, landing depth, stage length, and cluster design. ResFrac is the only commercial code that fully integrates a - [Services](https://www.resfrac.com/services) - Our solutions Simulation solutions to maximize return on investment Turnkey fracture design and reservoir simulation solutions Close collaboration We work closely with clients to align on priorities and support business objectives. We've refined the process over dozens of projects across North and South America. Understand the why We don’t just hand you a solution. We - [Online Training Resources](https://www.resfrac.com/onlinetraining) - Library ResFracPro Fundamentals Online Training Simulate the Entire Life Cycle of an Unconventional Well with a Single Simulator ResFracPro is the only commercial code that fully integrates a true hydraulic fracturing simulator with a reservoir simulator (including geomechanics), where at every timestep all governing physics are solved simultaneously. This enables the seamless simulation of the - [ResFrac Cocktail Hour](https://www.resfrac.com/rsvp) - ResFrac Cocktail Hour The ResFrac team will be in Denver and would love to have you join us for a drop-in Happy Hour on Monday, May 18, from 4:30 to 6:30 p.m. We will be meeting at The Broken Cage (2420 17th St, #103, Denver, CO 80202) and would love to see you there! If - [Enhanced Geothermal Systems](https://www.resfrac.com/egs) - Enhanced Geothermal Systems Multistage fracturing is a breakthrough for EGS - dramatically improving energy production per well ResFrac's fully-coupled fracturing and reservoir simulator is ideal for simulating hydraulic fracturing and long-term circulation in multistage EGS designs Fracture propagation 3D fracture initiation and propagation, interaction between wells, stress shadowing, proppant transport, complex fluid additives and non-Newtonian - [ResChat](https://www.resfrac.com/reschat) - ResChat ResFrac AI Assistant ResChat ResFrac AI Assistant - [Home (Previous)](https://www.resfrac.com/home) - Better fracs. Better wells. Better returns. Get the physics right. Genuinely integrated hydraulic fracture and reservoir simulation. Our Software The industry’s only fully coupled hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator Fully integrated simulator Multiphase flow, 3D fracture mechanics, proppant transport, poroelastic stresses, wellbore dynamics, and thermal effects. Mesh cracks as cracks. Solve cutting-edge problems Synthesize complex - [Online Training Resources (DUPLICATE)](https://www.resfrac.com/online-training-resources-duplicate) - Library ResFracPro Fundamentals Online Training Simulate the Entire Life Cycle of an Unconventional Well with a Single Simulator ResFracPro is the only commercial code that fully integrates a true hydraulic fracturing simulator with a reservoir simulator (including geomechanics), where at every timestep all governing physics are solved simultaneously. This enables the seamless simulation of the - [ResFrac Fundamentals Training Course _ Closed Registration](https://www.resfrac.com/resfrac-fundamentals-training-course-closed-registration) - ResFrac Fundamentals Training Course Simulate the Entire Life Cycle of an Unconventional Well with a Single Simulator About this event ResFrac’s simulator training course addresses economic optimization in the context of cluster spacing, well spacing, fluid and proppant volumes, landing depth, stage length, and cluster design. ResFrac is the only commercial code that fully integrates - [News](https://www.resfrac.com/news) - News Room ResFrac in the news- press coverage, events and company updates Where Does the Proppant Go? Tracking It Could Unlock More Oil Garrett Fowler, chief operating officer for ResFrac, said the industry’s mindset is shifting. Where unconventional development once focused primarily on cost and speed, operators are increasingly focused on engineering the subsurface to - [Latest Content](https://www.resfrac.com/latest-content) - Blog > The influence of well configuration on water loss in Enhanced Geothermal Systems Recently, ‘water loss’ has been a hot topic of discussion for EGS. Fervo reported that they have been producing only 70% of the fluid volumes that they have been injecting at their Project Red. The FORGE project reported a roughly 10% - [ResFrac Papers](https://www.resfrac.com/papers) - [Terms & Conditions](https://www.resfrac.com/terms-conditions) - Terms & Conditions ResFrac Website Terms of UseLast Updated: October 5, 2023Please read the following terms and conditions carefully, as this agreement governs your use of all ResFrac websites (the “website”). By using the website, you acknowledge and signify that you have read, understood, and agree to be bound by this agreement. If you do - [Latest News](https://www.resfrac.com/latest-news) - Blog > FracTest – An Online Tool for DFIT Interpretation This week, we are releasing FracTest, a web-based application for interpretation of diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs). FracTest is available at resapps.resfrac.com, alongside our other two ResApps, StageOpt and IntTest. DFITs are small-volume fracture injection tests used to estimate stress, pore pressure, and permeability. These - [Contact support](https://www.resfrac.com/contact-support) - Contact ResFrac Support Need help? Contact support "*" indicates required fields X/TwitterThis field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.First Name* First Name * Last Name* Last Name * Company Email* How did you hear about us?Phone Number*Questions or commentsConsent I'd like to receive updates from ResFrac. 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Your simulator should too.Learn MoreResFrac News: 2022 Annual SymposiumThis annual meeting is offered by invite only for ResFrac customers and partners. Click here for more information on - [ResFrac Industry Study Meeting Registration](https://www.resfrac.com/resfrac-industry-study-meeting-registration) - ResFrac Parent-Child Industry Study Meeting We are excited to gather once again on June 9 in Denver, CO for the next Parent-Child Industry Study meeting. This meeting will be a hybrid meeting, but we request that you do try to attend in person, if feasible. Please also consider joining us for a cocktail gathering and - [ResFrac PCIS Presentation: Frac Hit Remediation and Enhanced Prefills with Kairos Energy Services](https://www.resfrac.com/resfrac-pcis-presentation-frac-hit-remediation-and-enhanced-prefills) - ResFrac PCIS presentation- Frac hit remediation and enhanced prefills Frac hits have been of intense interest in the industry due to the potential degradation of production to both the parent and child wells. Damage to the parents wells vary widely across basins but there are a significant number of parents wells where lost production cannot - [ResFrac PCIS Presentation: Optimizing Production and Minimizing Reservoir Damage with Microfluidics](https://www.resfrac.com/resfrac-pcis-presentation-optimizing-production-and-minimizing-reservoir-damage-with-microfluidics) - ResFrac PCIS presentation- Optimizing production and minimizing reservoir damage with microfluidics Selecting the right fracturing fluid for your well is important – not only to improve the well productivity and maximize profitability – but also to minimize reservoir damage. Incompatible chemicals, particularly those prone to degradation at high temperatures can block the accessible pores and - [ResFrac PCIS Presentation: Chemistry's role in reservoir damage](https://www.resfrac.com/resfrac-pcis-presentation-chemistrys-role-in-reservoir-damage) - ResFrac PCIS presentation- Chemistry's role in reservoir damage: predict, prevent, remediate Chemistry is an important part of any well stimulation treatment in terms of cost, production, and ESG footprint, and can have a measurable impact on oil/gas production. In this presentation, James Silas from Flotek provides an overview of production damage mechanisms, identification of damage, - [ResFrac History Matching Demo](https://www.resfrac.com/hmdemo) - ResFrac History Matching Launch and Demo You are invited to a rollout event and demo for ResFrac’s new history matching capabilities. This will be an in-person event, though we do plan to make a recording of the demo portion of the day and make it available after the fact to those who are unable to - [Studies](https://www.resfrac.com/studies) - Industry studies Collaborating to solve the industry's toughest problems Industry studies integrate our singular modeling capability with operator expertise Each industry study is organized around a central theme and performed in 12-15 months. Operators share data, and we work closely together to perform an integrated modeling study. Studies have a dual track: (1) provide practical - [Login Successful](https://www.resfrac.com/resfrac-pro-landingpages/loggedin) - Login successful Please close this browser window and return to the ResFracPro app window. Back to home - [Resfrac Pro Landing page](https://www.resfrac.com/resfrac-pro-landingpages) - [Contact us](https://www.resfrac.com/contact-us) - Contact us Better fracs. Better wells. Better returns. Ready to get started? Let us know how we can help! "*" indicates required fields EmailThis field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.First Name* First Name * Last Name* Last Name * Company Email* How did you hear about us?Phone Number*Questions or commentsConsent I'd - [Studies](https://www.resfrac.com/studies-2) - Industry studies Collaborating to solve the industry's toughest problems Industry studies integrate our singular modeling capability with operator expertise Each industry study is organized around a central theme and performed in 12-15 months. Operators share data, and we work closely together to perform an integrated modeling study. Studies have a dual track: (1) provide practical - [Thank You](https://www.resfrac.com/thank-you) - Thank you We’ve got your message and we’ll be in touch soon. Back to home ## Fundamentals 4 Day Canada - [September 8-11 ResFracPro Fundamentals Training Course](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/fundamentals-4-day-c/september-8-11-resfracpro-fundamentals-training-course) - In this four-day training course, we will cover the technical basis for the modeling approach, give an overview of the software capabilities, and build example models to optimize critical aspects of well design: well spacing, cluster spacing, proppant loading, well sequencing, and more. ## Jobs - [Reservoir and Completions Engineer](https://www.resfrac.com/blog/job/reservoir-and-completions-engineer) - ResFrac Reservoir and Completion Engineers work directly with oil, gas, and geothermal operators worldwide to model and optimize subsurface assets. The majority of the role involves conducting modeling studies on behalf of clients, progressing three simultaneous projects once fully onboarded. ## Library - [ResFracPro capabilities supporting conventional hydraulic fracturing applications](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/resfracpro-capabilities-supporting-conventional-hydraulic-fracturing-applications) - For this month's Office Hours we had Chris Ponners, our Customer Support Lead, give a presentation highlighting new capabilities introduced in our June release. There are so many updates to share that we’ll be continuing the discussion during next month’s Office Hours as well. We covered new ResFracPro capabilities supporting conventional hydraulic fracturing applications, including improved filtercake, spurt loss, pipe friction, pad/flush options, and proppant concentration ramps. He also demonstrated new visualization features and added options for black oil tables. - [Calculating Shmin in ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/calculating-shmin-in-resfrac) - This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide to using the Properties vs. Depth Wizard in ResFrac to calculate and visualize Shmin. It includes a review of common industry methodologies, including Eaton, Extended Eaton, and Viscoelastic Stress Relaxation (VSR) methods. - [Introduction to FracTest](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/resfracs-soon-to-be-released-web-based-dfit-interpretation) - For this month's Office Hours, Mark McClure gave a live demonstration of FracTest, ResFrac's soon-to-be-released web-based DFIT interpretation application. FracTest streamlines the traditionally complex DFIT workflow, guides users through critical interpretation decisions, and helps engineers quickly generate reliable stress, pore pressure, and permeability estimates with export-ready results. - [Introduction to Multisector Simulation](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/introduction-to-multisector-simulation) - For this month's Office Hours, Danial Zeinabady, Senior Software Developer at ResFrac, presented a new ResFracPro feature that enables modeling of full-lateral wells using a multisector approach. This features allows users to capture completion design variations along the lateral within a single model, while leveraging distributed-memory parallelization to significantly reduce simulation time. The presentation covered the core concept, implementation workflow, and practical benefits for large-scale hydraulic fracture simulations. - [Recoil Resources in the Eagle Ford Shale](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/recoil-resources-eagle-ford-shale) - Eagle Ford Completion Optimization SUMMARY Recoil Resources is an innovative and technology-forward growth operator in the oil window of the Eagle Ford shale. Recoil and ResFrac collaborated on the project to history match a two-well pad with approximately a year of production data. The history matched model was then used to investigate a number of - [Refining Completion Design and Investigating New Concepts](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/refining-completion-design-and-investigating-new-concepts) - Summary Liberty Resources is a leading operator in the Bakken. Already well-known for using innovative modern designs (Weddle et al., 2018), Liberty hired ResFrac to investigate further opportunities to improve design. Integrating geological, petrophysical, and completions data, a ResFrac model was built to simulate hydraulic fracturing and subsequent production. The model was history matched to - [Results from the ResFrac DFIT Study Profoundly Impact on Well and Cluster Spacing in Gas Shale](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/results-resfrac-dfit-study-profoundly-impact-well-and-cluster-spacing-gas-shale) - Summary In Hess’s Utica Point Pleasant development, a standard DFIT interpretation yielded a permeability estimate of nearly 1 microdarcy, much higher than the company’s internal estimate of 10-20 nanodarcies (Cipolla et al., 2018). The DFIT was studied by McClure et al. (2019) as part of the ResFrac DFIT Study, and the results confirmed the operators - [Injection into Unconsolidated Sands in the Wilmington Field](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/injection-unconsolidated-sands-wilmington-field) - Summary California Resources Corporation (CRC) produces from the Wilmington Field in Southern California. For more than 50 years, water injection has been used successfully to abate subsidence and improve recovery. In recent years, they have revisited the topic of determining the ‘maximum allowable surface pressure’ for injection wells. The Wilmington field consists of a series - [Where Does the Proppant Go? Tracking It Could Unlock More Oil](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/where-does-the-proppant-go-tracking-it-could-unlock-more-oil) - Garrett Fowler, chief operating officer for ResFrac, said the industry’s mindset is shifting. Where unconventional development once focused primarily on cost and speed, operators are increasingly focused on engineering the subsurface to maximize production. That shift is driving greater interest in diagnostic and modeling tools that help explain what is happening beyond the wellbore. “At least from the seat that I sit in, I’ve seen a big change in the last 18 months,” Fowler said - [Zero Permeability Cubes](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/zero-permeability-cubes) - Zero permeability cubes impose no-flow boundaries within a defined region of the simulation grid, approximating the drainage depletion from offset wells or stages. This document explains how to define and activate zero permeability cubes in ResFrac. - [Wellbore Drilling Times](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/wellbore-drilling-times) - Wellbore drilling times allow you to introduce new wells into a simulation partway through, rather than having all wells present from the start. This document explains how to use drilling times for parent/child well modeling and restart simulations. - [Water Solutes](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/water-solutes) - Water solutes define the rheological properties of fluid additives — friction reducers, guar, cross-linked gels, tracers, and more — within ResFrac. This document explains how to configure water solutes and when to use each solute type. - [Water Banking](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/water-banking) - Water banking is a constitutive relation within ResFrac’s 1D submesh framework that captures elevated water cut during early flowback. This document describes how the water bank model works and how to configure it to match observed flowback behavior. - [Volume to First Response and Frac Hit Trackers](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/volume-to-first-response-and-frac-hit-trackers) - Volume to first response (VFR) and frac hit trackers provide a streamlined way to quantify hydraulic fracture crossings between wells, making it easier to diagnose well interference and calibrate frac hit behavior in ResFrac models. - [Stress Observation Points and Planes](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/stress-observation-points-and-planes) - Stress observation points and planes allow you to monitor stresses, strains, and displacements at specified locations throughout a ResFrac simulation, enabling direct comparison with fiber optic diagnostics and other field measurements. - [Pressure Dependent Permeability](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/pressure-dependent-permeability) - Pressure dependent permeability (PDP) allows matrix permeability to vary as a function of pressure change. This document explains how reversible and irreversible PDP tables are configured in ResFrac and the primary use cases. - [Proppant Embedment](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/proppant-embedment) - Proppant embedment reduces fracture conductivity as proppant grains press into fracture walls under closure stress. This document explains how to configure embedment in ResFrac using data from laboratory measurements. - [Pre-existing Fractures](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/pre-existing-fractures) - Pre-existing fractures are explicitly meshed fractures that are present in the model at simulation start, rather than being propagated during hydraulic stimulation. This document covers their use cases and how to configure them in ResFrac. - [Meshing](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/meshing) - ResFrac fully meshes the wellbore, hydraulic fractures, and the surrounding matrix in every simulation. This document describes how the three mesh types are structured and how to configure them for your model. - [General Heterogeneity of the Static Model](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/general-heterogeneity-of-the-static-model) - The general heterogeneity option allows you to introduce spatial variability into a layer-cake static model, enabling more realistic representation of formation property variations across the simulation domain. - [Fracture Connections](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/fracture-connections) - Fracture connection parameters control how hydraulic fractures interact when they collide — whether in virgin or depleted reservoir, or when intersecting a cased offset wellbore. This document describes the key parameters governing fracture connectivity in ResFrac. - [Fracture Asymmetry and Well Orientation](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/fracture-asymmetry-and-well-orientation) - Drilling multi-fractured horizontal wells off-azimuth relative to the minimum principal horizontal stress can significantly affect fracture geometry and drainage efficiency. This document explains how well orientation interacts with subsurface stress and what to expect in terms of fracture asymmetry from heel to toe. - [File Folder Structure](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/file-folder-structure) - Understanding how ResFrac organizes its files helps you efficiently manage simulations, locate output data, and troubleshoot issues. This guide provides an overview of how ResFrac organizes its input and output files, helping users navigate the file structure when setting up simulations or reviewing results. - [External Fractures](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/external-fractures) - External fractures allow you to account for stress shadow effects from hydraulic fracture stages that lie outside the simulation grid. This document explains how to define external fractures and how the simulator uses the Sneddon solution to incorporate their mechanical effects into sector models. - [Economic Models](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/economic-models) - ResFrac’s economic models allow you to extend production simulation results into a full financial analysis. Results are automatically post-processed at the end of each simulation and written to a CSV file for review. This document describes how to set up economics models for use in ResFrac simulations. - [Damage Mechanisms](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/damage-mechanisms) - Damage mechanisms include various means of modifying well productivity after frac hits, including fracture damage reactions, matrix damage, water block damage, skin damage, and time-dependent proppant conductivity loss. This document describes how these mechanisms are modeled and configured within ResFrac. - [Black Oil Tracers](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/black-oil-tracers) - The “black oil tracer” capability allows you to track the relative proportion of production from different facies, similar to geochemical diagnostics. This document outlines how to configure and use black oil tracers to generate exact flow allocations by layer and by well. - [Boundary Conditions](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/boundary-conditions) - To specify wellbore controls in ResFrac, four types of boundary condition “sequences” are available: injection sequence, production sequence, general, and shut-in. This document outlines when each sequence type should be used and how to configure rate and pressure limits appropriately. - [Drainage Fracture Height Characterization Using Rayleigh Frequency Shift Distributed Strain Sensing (RFS-DSS) in a Vertical Monitoring Well from HFTS-2](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/drainage-fracture-height-characterization-using-rayleigh-frequency-shift-distributed-strain-sensing-rfs-dss-in-a-vertical-monitoring-well-from-hfts-2) - For this month's ResFrac Office Hours, we had a presentation from Jiehao Wang, Geomechanics Specialist with Chevron, titled “Drainage Fracture Height Characterization Using Rayleigh Frequency Shift Distributed Strain Sensing (RFS-DSS) in a Vertical Monitoring Well from HFTS-2.” - [Banneker’s ResFrac Buy Signals PE’s Bet on Subsurface Modeling](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/bannekers-resfrac-buy-signals-pes-bet-on-subsurface-modeling) - Reservoir modeler ResFrac has been acquired by private equity firm Banneker Partners, a move that positions the software specialist for growth in its core market of unconventionals and beyond. Private equity’s move into reservoir modeling reflects a shift in the industry. As technical complexity intensify, physics-based optimization is replacing trial-and-error field practices. Investors see software as a scalable solution. Reservoir engineering workflows are also evolving, pushing operators toward integrated, simulation-driven decision-making that combines diagnostics and modeling to maximize recovery. For investors, it may signal subsurface software is becoming a more central part of field development. - [Oil modeling company ResFrac acquired as it eyes expansion](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/oil-modeling-company-resfrac-acquired-as-it-eyes-expansion) - A software company that models oil and gas operations and that has an employee base in Denver has been acquired for an undisclosed price. ResFrac, based in Palo Alto, simulates various oil and gas production techniques, like drilling and fracking, to help companies get the best possible return from their wells by digitally testing various designs. It was bought by Banneker Partners, a San Francisco private equity firm. “This is something that we have been thinking about doing for the last probably year or two,” CEO Mark McClure said. “We've been running the company cash flow positive, growing just on our own cash flow for quite a few years … and we've kind of gotten to the point where we've built this really strong position in the market." - [Geothermal Energy](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/geothermal-energy) - Geothermal development is gaining steam and entering a transformative era, driven by breakthroughs in adapting and improving on engineering, drilling, completion, and production technologies to the efficient extraction of heat from the Earth. - [Perforation erosion and uniformity in ResFracPro using StageOpt and ResFracPro](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/perforation-erosion-and-uniformity-in-resfracpro-using-stageopt-and-resfracpro) - For this month's Office Hours, we had a discussion on how to match perforation erosion and uniformity in ResFracPro, and best practices on integrating StageOpt and ResFracPro into a single workflow. - [Proppant Trapping and Washout in Rough Hydraulic Fractures](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/proppant-trapping-and-washout-in-rough-hydraulic-fractures) - For this month's Office Hours, we had a presentation from Serhii Kryvenko, Reservoir Engineer on ExxonMobil’s Unconventional Tech Team, titled “Proppant Trapping and Washout in Rough Hydraulic Fractures.” - [Solving Common ResFracPro Modeling and Workflow Questions](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/solving-common-resfracpro-modeling-and-workflow-questions) - In this month’s ResFrac Office Hours, Garrett Fowler tackled a curated set of frequently asked questions from our ResFrac support threads, sharing practical troubleshooting guidance, workflow best practices, and answers to common modeling questions encountered in everyday ResFracPro use. - [Using Python to post-process simulations and create fiber-optic-style waterfall strain plots](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/using-python-to-post-process-simulations-and-create-fiber-optic-style-waterfall-strain-plots) - For December Office Hours, ResFrac User Success Lead, Chris Ponners, shared a presentation with tips and tricks for using Python to post-process simulations and create fiber-optic-style waterfall strain plots. - [The Case for Planar Fracture Modeling](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/the-case-for-planar-fracture-modeling) - https://youtu.be/pRRfTBSYoVM Mark McClure's presentation for the series of 'Robe Talks' organized by the HFC of the American Rock Mechanics Association, April 15, 2020. - [Flow Control Devices to Improve Thermal Longevity and Techno-Economics of Enhanced Geothermal Systems](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/flow-control-devices-to-improve-thermal-longevity-and-techno-economics-of-enhanced-geothermal-systems) - For our November Office Hours, ResFrac Geothermal Lead Koenraad Beckers presented “Flow Control Devices to Improve Thermal Longevity and Techno-Economics of Enhanced Geothermal Systems.” This presentation addresses the critical challenge of non-uniform fracture flow in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) and investigates the techno-economic benefits of using Flow Control Devices (FCDs), specifically combined with sliding sleeves, to improve reservoir heat extraction and thermal longevity. - [Hart Exclusive: Making Informed Subsurface Decisions](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/hart-exclusive-making-informed-subsurface-decisions) - In an exclusive interview with Garrett Fowler, COO at ResFrac, at URTeC in early June, Hart Energy's Jaxon Caines dove into reservoir and hydraulic fracking simulations—and the challenges that result from combining the two. - [From the American Oil and Gas Reporter: Geothermal Needs Oil Field Expertise](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/geothermal-needs-oil-field-expertise) - Recent field trials have shown outstanding results from applying shale-style fracturing treatments to increase production from geothermal wells. In addition, application of industry drilling best practices have dramatically improved the rate of penetration and bit life while drilling through high strength crystalline basement rock. These breakthroughs promise to dramatically increase geothermal energy production in the United States and internationally. - [Where, When and How to Refrac—Weighing All the Options](https://www.resfrac.com/library/press-releases/where-when-and-how-to-refrac-weighing-all-the-options) - They are called re-fracs, re-entries, re-completions and other variations on re-peat terms. Whatever the name, the purpose is the same—to re-enter an existing and declining well to access more rock and pump new life out of it—and it is becoming a much more common practice for operators. - [Operators Quantify How Completions Tweaks Drive Production](https://www.resfrac.com/library/press-releases/operators-quantify-how-completions-tweaks-drive-production) - The new frontier of production improvement combines surveillance techniques and analysis to determine which variables boost output. With every completion, operators can fine-tune their designs. More stages or fewer? More proppant or less? But what actually drives production improvements? Operators are increasingly seeking low-cost means of determining just that, often pushing readily available data through analytical workflows to determine what’s working. And just what is it worth, anyway, to get the completion right? As long-sought technology allowing operators to optimize their fractures in real time nears reality, the question arises of how much value a perfect fracture will bring to the bottom line. - [Companies Are Paying Record Sums to Develop Geothermal Energy](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/companies-are-paying-record-sums-to-developgeothermal-energy) - For the first time in years, the US federal government has leased every parcel of public land it has opened for geothermal development – and at record prices. Average prices for public land leases for geothermal energy development soared by 282% this year to \7 per acre, driven by growing energy demand from data centers and President Donald Trump's administration embracing the energy source. The record prices are a major step-up from \ per-acre average last year, according to data from the US Bureau of Land Management, the agency that conducts the auctions. Geothermal companies tap the Earth's heat to generate power. While it currently generates a small share of all US electricity, a wave of new technologies is opening the door for geothermal to play a bigger role, as is policy support. - [Modeling production impact of horizontal fractures](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/modeling-production-impact-of-horizontal-fractures) - For October Office Hours, Garrett Fowler and Egor Dontsov reviewed the latest updates on modeling horizontal fractures based on their paper at IHFTC two weeks ago and subsequent investigations on the production impact of horizontal fractures. - [Recent Developments in ResFracPro](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/recent-developments-in-resfracpro) - For September Office Hours, we had a presentation from Chris Ponners spotlighting some new features released so far in 2025 as well as a preview of features in the upcoming release. Historical highlights include: (a) a more flexible unit selection facility, (b) black oil fluid regions, (c) new settings in history matching and optimization workflows, and (d) built in log interpretation. Some key features in the upcoming release include: (a) property outputting rectangles, (b) a new proppant washout model, and (c) new parameters to aid in the modeling of lightweight proppants. - [Designing the Record-Breaking Enhanced Geothermal System at Project Cape](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/designing-the-record-breaking-enhanced-geothermal-system-at-project-cape) - For ResFrac August Office Hours, we had a presentation from ResFrac Reservoir and Completions Technical Team Lead, Ankush Singh, on his recently published paper “Designing the Record-Breaking Enhanced Geothermal System at Project Cape.” This paper discusses the design and simulation work for Project Cape, a 400 MWe Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) in Utah that achieved a record flow rate of over 100 kg/s. - [Geothermal Power Is a Climate Moon Shot Beneath Our Feet](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/geothermal-power-is-a-climate-moon-shot-beneath-our-feet) - In the summer of 2023, Fervo, an E.G.S. startup, set a record for continuous flow rate between multiple wells. They broke it again last year. “It’s a really big deal,” McClure told me. The firm soon started building a four-hundred-megawatt commercial power plant near the FORGE site, gleaning much of its technical know-how from Moore’s team. - [Comments: If US Shale Levels Off, Will Innovation Pick Up the Slack?](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/comments-if-us-shale-levels-off-will-innovation-pick-up-the-slack) - The ADD remains in its infancy but the research work done by Hess and simulation firm ResFrac Corp. suggests that the industry may want to keep tinkering with the idea since it is likely applicable to other shale plays. Their modeling shows that ADD wells could boost first-year production across a drilling section by 10% and increase estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) by 5% at 1,000-ft well spacing. The analysis also highlights that adopting the concept at scale will require a significant breakthrough in reducing drilling costs. Hess said ADD wells in the Bakken become viable if the passive laterals can be drilled for half the cost of a regular horizontal wellboreand are highly attractive at 15% of the cost which would likely require multilateral drilling. - [Recent Developments in ResApps](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/recent-developments-in-resapps) - For April Office Hours, we had a presentation from Chris Ponners on recent developments in our current ResApps– IntTest and StageOpt. For interference testing, IntTest now supports both drawdown and buildup tests as well as generalized depletion adjustments on a per well basis for Generalized DPI analysis. On the StageOpt side, we have a new set of learnings and best practices outlined in new training content and in a journal paper currently in preprint, "Case studies applying a wellbore-proppant simulator in the Midland Basin, Montney, and Bakken Shale Plays." - [Blind Testing Simulator Predictions of Refracturing Performance in the Bakken and the Permian Basin](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/blind-testing-simulator-predictions-of-refracturing-performance-in-the-bakken-and-the-permian-basin) - For ResFrac July Office Hours, we had a presentation from ResFrac Reservoir and Completions Technical team lead, Sama Morsy, on her recently published paper, “Blind Testing Simulator Predictions of Refracturing Performance in the Bakken and the Permian Basin.” This study (paper available here) addresses the accuracy of simulation predictions for refracturing performance in four datasets– three in the Bakken and one in the Midland Basin. - [How far should we optimize: ResFrac modeling to understand the value of fracture uniformity](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/how-far-should-be-we-optimize-resfrac-modeling-to-understand-the-value-of-fracture-uniformity) - Recently, JPT did a write-up of Hess and ResFrac’s URTeC paper: The Perfect Frac Stage, What’s the value? For our August Office Hours, we had a presentation from Ankush Singh, taking a look back at the paper and discussing how ResFrac and StageOpt analysis can help to better understand and demonstrate the value of optimizing fluid & proppant distribution. - [Is There a Hydraulic Fracturing ‘Blind Spot’ in Conventional Reservoirs?](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/is-there-a-hydraulic-fracturing-blind-spot-in-conventional-reservoirs) - Almost all notable advancements in hydraulic fracturing technology over the past 2 decades have stemmed from the rise of the tight-oil and -gas industry. During this time, completions equipment evolved from the analog workhorses of yesteryear into increasingly sophisticated, digitized, and efficient machines that rival anything found in the oilfield technology portfolio. The transformation also includes mountains of scientific research that have enabled engineers and specialists to model and stimulate tight reservoirs with greater confidence and accuracy. But amid all this success, a question has been brewing for years: Can modern fracturing technology be effectively applied beyond the tightest, lowest-quality rocks? - [Test Shows Fracturing Can Also Create Underground Water Heating Systems](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/test-shows-fracturing-can-also-create-underground-water-heating-systems) - ResFrac customer, Fervo Energy has shown that fracturing can be used to build a geothermal heating system in hot, hard rock. During a 37 day test at it's Project Red test site, the Houston company produced as much as 63 L/s (998 gal/min) of water heated to 336 degrees F. By pumping water from an injection well through fractured hot rock to a producing well, it heated enough water to generate up to 3.5MW of power, according to a company release. - [Horizontal hydraulic fractures in ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/horizontal-hydraulic-fractures-in-resfrac) - For March Office Hours, we had a a presentation from ResFrac Chief Scientist Egor Dontsov, titled, "Horizontal hydraulic fractures in ResFrac". Horizontal hydraulic fractures are becoming harder to ignore, as more indisputable field evidence supports their existence. This is why we at ResFrac have developed the capability to model such a phenomenon. This presentation discusses conditions that lead to the formation of horizontal fractures, available field evidence, and potential implications to reservoir stimulation. Specifics of simulating horizontal hydraulic fractures in ResFrac were also covered. - [Fervo Showed Fractured Geothermal Works, Now Must Do It Bigger, Cheaper, and Soon](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/fervo-showed-fractured-geothermal-works-now-must-do-it-bigger-cheaper-and-soon-2) - “We are right at the inflection point. We are going from one or two examples to a large number of them,” said Mark McClure, the CEO of ResFrac, whose fracture software and consulting services are being used to create geothermal models to help guide the effort. - [Refracs vs. Recompletions: Maximizing Well Performance and Economics](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/refracs-vs-recompletions-maximizing-well-performance-and-economics) - In this Energy Tech Night panel, industry experts Aaron Burton, Justin Hayes, Alex Goodwin, and Mark McClure break down the difference between refracs and recompletions and why it matters, how to identify good refrac candidates based on well conditions and economics, the latest technologies and strategies improving refracturing success, and the financial and operational considerations that impact refracturing decisions. - [Far-field Drainage Along Hydraulic Fractures: Insights From Integrated Modeling Studies in the Bakken and Permian Basin](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/far-field-drainage-along-hydraulic-fractures-insights-from-integrated-modeling-studies-in-the-bakken-and-permian-basin) - For February Office Hours, we had a presentation from ResFrac Senior Reservoir and Completions Engineer Ankush Singh, on his recently published paper, "Far-field Drainage Along Hydraulic Fractures: Insights From Integrated Modeling Studies in the Bakken and Permian Basin." This paper was presented at SPE HFTC 2025 in The Woodlands. - [Black oil fluid regions, advanced unit systems, and slot flow simulations in ResFracPro](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/black-oil-fluid-regions-advanced-unit-systems-and-slot-flow-simulations-in-resfracpro) - For January Office Hours, we had a presentation on some upcoming new software features– advanced unit systems, black oil fluid regions, and slot flow simulations in ResFracPro. - [Best Practices in Interpretation of DFIT Tests for Shmin, Permeability, and Pore Pressure](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/best-practices-in-interpretation-of-dfit-tests-for-shmin-permeability-and-pore-pressure) - DFIT interpretation has been a theme of the work that we’ve done within ResFrac. Our collaborative 2018 Industry Study, which culminated in one of the ‘Best of URTeC’ papers in 2019, developed significant new advances in interpretation. I've recorded a roughly two-hour talk summarizing the findings from that study, along with related work done at UT - [Case Study: Innovative Approach To Increase Well Productivity by Adapting Drilling Targets and Completion Methodology](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/case-study-innovative-approach-to-increase-well-productivity-by-adapting-drilling-targets-and-completion-methodology) - The discourse regarding US land exploration and production has tended to primarily focus on shale development. While this has pushed the industry to adopt many technologies or applications, the general recipe has been to be faster and cheaper with hopefully more predictable BOE/ft production. However, there are limitations with this approach as it tends to boil down to a choice of substitution rather than true engineering to improve return on investment or improved net present value. - [Danial Zeinabady awarded the ASTech Award in Energy- for work on Development of Revolutionary New Well-Testing Method for the Energy Industry](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/danial-zeinabady-awarded-the-astech-award-in-energy-for-work-on-development-of-revolutionary-new-well-testing-method-for-the-energy-industry) - We are proud to announce that Dr. Danial Zeinabady, Senior Software Developer at ResFrac, along with Dr. Christopher Clarkson (University of Calgary) and Dr. Benham Zanganeh (Chevron), has been awarded the ASTech Award (Alberta Science and Technology) in Energy for developing a revolutionary new well-testing method for the energy industry—the DFIT-Flowback Analysis method. Through their work, more than 10 operators have successfully conducted over 300 tests across Canada, the United States, and Australia. This innovation in well-testing represents a significant step forward in hydraulic fracture and reservoir characterization in unconventional reservoirs. - [Rolf Emmermann Medal awarded to Mark Zoback](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/rolf-emmermann-medal-awarded-to-mark-zoback) - The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam – German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) has awarded Mark D. Zoback, ResFrac Senior Executive Advisor, with the Rolf Emmermann Medal. Mark received this highest honour of the GFZ for his outstanding contributions to the geosciences and the GFZ. “His major contributions to the Continental Deep Drilling Programme of the Federal Republic of Germany (KTB) as well as to the later foundation of the International Continental Drilling Programme ICDP were decisive starting points both in the founding phase and in the first years of the GFZ,” says Susanne Buiter, Scientific Director of the GFZ. - [Maximizing Production Efficiency: Advanced Well Stimulation & Refrac Techniques](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/maximizing-production-efficiency-advanced-well-stimulation-refrac-techniques) - ResFrac co-founder and CEO Mark McClure joined John Kalfayan with Digital Wildcatters and a panel of industry innovators for a panel discussion diving into the latest advancements in well stimulation and refrac techniques designed to help maximize production efficiency and optimize recovery. Other panelists included Wes Casto (Casto Petroleum Engineering), Don McLean (Nine Energy Service), and Bob Barba (Integrated Energy Services). - [Applying a Combined Hydraulic Fracturing, Reservoir, and Wellbore Simulator: Staged Field Experiment #3, Cluster Spacing, and Stacked Parent/Child Frac Hits](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/applying-combined-hydraulic-fracturing-reservoir-and-wellbore-simulator-staged-field) - Abstract This paper describes three applications of a fully integrated hydraulic fracturing, reservoir, and wellbore simulator. The simulator describes hydraulic fracturing, shut-in, and production in a single continuous simulation. It describes multiphase effects (using either the black oil model or a compositional fluid model), thermal effects, transport of tracers and/or non-Newtonian fluid additives, stress shadowing - [An accurate and efficient method for calculating fluid exchange between fractures and matrix with a non-conforming mesh](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/accurate-and-efficient-method-calculating-fluid-exchange-between-fractures-and-matrix) - Abstract I propose the 1D Subgrid Method for calculating fluid exchange between fractures and matrix with a non-conforming mesh. The method is demonstrated on linear and radial flow problems. The method has negligible computational cost and is accurate at all levels of mesh refinement. - [A Three-Dimensional Reservoir, Wellbore, and Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator that is Compositional and Thermal, Tracks Proppant and Water Solute Transport, Includes Non-Darcy and Non-Newtonian Flow, and Handles Fracture Closure](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/three-dimensional-reservoir-wellbore-and-hydraulic-fracturing-simulator-compositional) - Abstract We present a three-dimensional reservoir, wellbore, and hydraulic fracturing simulator with the following capabilities: (1) compositional fluid model, (2) multiphase flow, (3) thermal, (4) proppant transport with gravitational settling, bulk slurry gravitational convection, hindered settling, clustered settling, and the effect of proppant concentration on slurry viscosity, (5) solute transport, (6) non-Newtonian fluid rheology with - [New features in ResFracPro](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/new-features-in-resfracpro) - As many of you know, we had a major ResFracPro update that went out on November 4th for both the simulator and user interface. Highlights include: (a) the advanced ‘proppant transport from the well’ capabilities developed by Egor Dontsov for StageOpt have now been implemented in the ResFracPro simulator, (b) ‘libraries’ that allow you to save/load components of simulations (such as defined proppants, fluid models, etc.); this includes a pre-saved database of proppant and fluid types, (c) the ability to import fluid models from the Eclipse format and the Whitson format, (d) new wizards for: well shift, mesh refinement, and proppant immobilization, (e) the ability to prespecify line plot data for history matching, (f) gun barrel plots showing proppant placement, fracturing, and fluid leakoff, (g) the ability to set the default VM size for running simulations on the server, and (h) many minor new options, bug fixes, and improvements. - [Advanced 'proppant transport in the well' capabilities are now implemented in ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/advanced-proppant-transport-in-the-well-capabilities-are-now-implemented-in-resfrac) - For October Office Hours, we had a presentation by Egor Dontsov, ResFrac Chief Scientist, on his recent blog post, "Advanced 'proppant transport in the well' capabilities are now implemented in ResFrac." - [Modeling Proppant Flowback to Quantify its Impact on Shale Gas Production – A Vaca Muerta Case Study](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/13386) - Aggressive drawdown on unconventional wells commonly leads to the return of proppant pumped during the stimulation treatment, reducing propped fracture aperture, with potential impact on hydrocarbon production. Despite being identified by the available literature as a source of concern to operators, how much proppant flowback affects unconventional well production is a question that remains unanswered. This study quantifies the impact of proppant flowback on gas production under different drawdown scenarios through numerical simulations history-matched with proppant production measurements in the field. - [Frac Automation To Deliver Strong Returns By Enabling Perfect Stages](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/frac-automation-to-deliver-strong-returns-by-enabling-perfect-stages) - Hydraulic fracturing teams may soon be able to achieve almost perfect proppant distribution across clusters in a stage, an advance that will significantly improve wells' initial and long-term production. The key is autonomous intelligent fracturing, a novel technique that combines automated fleet operations with real-time measurements and lightning-fast modeling to fine-tune completion parameters during each stage. - [Real-Time Changes To Completion Designs Are Poised to Unlock Value](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/real-time-changes-to-completion-designs-are-poised-to-unlock-value) - Completion optimization has long been focused on two primary techniques. The first looks at historical well performance or field trials to extract lessons for future wells, while the second deploys advanced measurement techniques to collect detailed data on specific wells. These techniques have a long history of leading to more reliable models and accelerating design improvements. - [Fervo Showed Fractured Geothermal Works, Now Must Do It Bigger, Cheaper, and Soon](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/fervo-showed-fractured-geothermal-works-now-must-do-it-bigger-cheaper-and-soon) - “We are right at the inflection point. We are going from one or two examples to a large number of them,” said Mark McClure, the CEO of ResFrac, whose fracture software and consulting services are being used to create geothermal models to help guide the effort. - [Interpretation Methodologies for Interference Testing in Shale](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/interpretation-methodologies-for-interference-testing-in-shale) - For July Office Hours, we had a presentation from Chris Ponners, on interpretation methodologies for interference testing in shale, including new insights in the Chow Pressure Group, the Devon Quantification of Interference (DQI) technique, and new generalized methods to relate pressure interference to production interference that accounts for arbitrary gun-barrel configurations, spatially variable fracture conductivity, and anisotropy. - [Review of recent ResFracPro Releases, including the functionality to run simulations faster using more cores](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/review-of-recent-resfracpro-releases) - For June Office Hours, Garrett Fowler reviews the new features in the current and previous ResFracPro releases, including the functionality to run simulations faster using more cores! - [Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation and Long-Term Circulation at the Utah FORGE Geothermal Project](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/modeling-of-hydraulic-stimulation-and-long-term-circulation-at-the-utah-forge-geothermal-project) - For May Office Hours, Rohan Irvin, ResFrac Senior Reservoir and Completions Engineer, presented "Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation and long-term circulation at the Utah FORGE Geothermal Project." The presentation is based on and references a paper presented by ResFrac at the 49th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. - [Dashboards and Visualization Techniques](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/dashboards-and-visualization-techniques) - Presentation on dashboards and visualization techniques– common methods of analyzing these simulations, including recommended line plots and 3D attributes. - [Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells are about to Disrupt the Energy Industry Once Again](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/hydraulically-fractured-horizontal-wells-are-about-to-disrupt-the-energy-industry-once-again) - For this month's Office Hours, we had a presentation by Greg Leveille, former CTO of ConocoPhillips, followed by a Q+A with participants. Greg's presentation is titled, "Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells are about to Disrupt the Energy Industry Once Again". - [Introducing IntTest](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/introducing-inttest) - For this month's Office Hours, we had a demo (and sneak peek) of the soon-to-be-released IntTest ResApp, by ResFrac Director of ResApps Operations, John McGrath. This ResApp implements two techniques for shale-well interference test interpretation – the CPG method and the Devon Quantification of Interference (DQI) method. - [Technical Writeup](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/technical-writeup) - Hydraulic fracture models shouldn't be a black box. We provide a detailed technical writeup so you know what the simulator is doing and why. ResFrac implements constitutive equations for fracture transport that are valid under a wide range of conditions — with the fracture open or closed, with or without proppant, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, non-Darcy and - [The ResFrac A to Z Guide](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/the-resfrac-a-to-z-guide) - https://youtu.be/cN8BQ4DhmZQ For this Office Hours, Garrett gives an introduction to the new 'ResFrac A to Z Guide: Continuous Improvement with ResFrac.' This guide has a step-by-step tutorial and should be especially useful to new users. However, it also has some new content that could be useful to anyone who is a ResFrac user. We drew - [The Fracturing Plan: Hit a Well 300 ft Away—How Hard Could That Be?](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/the-fracturing-plan-hit-a-well-300-ft-away-how-hard-could-that-be) - Hitting the next well during fracturing happens all the time. Predictably doing that on a large scale in granite looks a lot harder. Backed by $220 million from the US Department of Energy, the Utah FORGE team’s goal is to develop the techniques and tools needed to create well-to-well flow paths through rocks that are at more than 400°F and then send the heated fluids to the surface to power electric generation. This approach is known as an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). A paper recently presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference highlighted the problem. The reservoir modeling firm ResFrac offered examples of what can be done to understand geothermal fracturing systems, but said it is not yet possible to model a well plan for a specific location. - [Latest features in ResFracPro](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/latest-features-in-resfracpro) - For Office Hours this month, we had a demo of the latest and greatest features in ResFracPro. - [Generalizing the DQI Method: Predicting Production Interference for Generic Gun Barrel Configurations](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/generalizing-the-dqi-method-predicting-production-interference-for-generic-gun-barrel-configurations) - For this month's Office Hours, we enjoyed a presentation from ResFrac Senior Reservoir and Completions Engineer, Chris Ponners, titled, "Generalizing the DQI Method: Predicting Production Interference for Generic Gun Barrel Configurations." - [Setting up pressure interference tests in ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/setting-up-pressure-interference-tests-in-resfrac) - For Office Hours this month, we had a presentation ResFrac Senior Reservoir and Completions Engineer Chris Ponners on setting up pressure interference tests in ResFrac. - [Introducing ResFrac's newest app, StageOpt](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/introducing-resfracs-newest-app-stageopt) - For September Office Hours, we had presentations by Egor Dontsov and Mark McClure, introducing ResFrac's newest app, StageOpt. StageOpt calculates proppant transport from the wellbore and helps you optimize perf design to maximize the uniformity of proppant and slurry transport. - [ResFrac Corporation Closes Equity Financing with Altira Group and Launches New User Interface](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/resfrac-corporation-closes-equity-financing-altira-group-and-launches-new-user-interface) - Two industry leaders, Dr. Mark Zoback and Joe Frantz, have joined the company as senior executive advisers. ResFrac recently released its new user interface, modernizing the industry’s first genuinely coupled hydraulic fracture, wellbore and reservoir simulator. - [Exclusive 360 Energy Expert Network Video Interview: Understanding Your Reservoir – A conversation w/Mark McClure, CEO, ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/exclusive-360-energy-expert-network-video-interview-understanding-your-reservoir-a-conversation-w-mark-mcclure-ceo-resfrac) - Mark McClure, CEO, of ResFrac Corporation was interviewed on the Energy 360 Podcast by Dan Genovese, Director of Consulting Services at Enercom to discuss unique modeling in a three-dimensional simulator for reservoir simulations. In this market, every dollar counts in your limited capital budgets. Click to view the interview and learn more about the collaboration, transparency and the realism in the fluid flow and Proppant transport. - [Fervo Energy sees ‘breakthrough’ in enhanced geothermal technology, opening path for firm, clean power](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/fervo-energy-sees-breakthrough-in-enhanced-geothermal-technology-opening-path-for-firm-clean-power) - The project’s results are a “historic breakthrough” for geothermal power, but Fervo still has much work ahead, according to Mark McClure, CEO of ResFrac, a firm that develops hydraulic fracturing simulation software. “Even as they continue to achieve technical success, they will need to demonstrate the commercial model — that they can secure funding, execute, and drive down costs to achieve long-term profitability,” he said Wednesday in a review of the project’s results. - [ResFrac's Garrett Fowler is named 2023 SPE Distinguished Lecturer](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/resfracs-garrett-fowler-is-named-2023-spe-distinguished-lecturer) - ResFrac Corporation Chief Operating Officer, Garrett Fowler, has been named 2023–2024 SPE Distinguished Lecturer. Garrett will be presenting on "How To Leverage What We’ve Learned About Hydraulic Fractures." DL Speakers from various disciplines and professions focus on industry trends, challenges, technology applications, and advances. Scheduled DL events are in-person meetings only. - [What Is Really Happening When Parent and Child Wells Interact?](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/what-is-really-happening-when-parent-and-child-wells-interact) - Insights from an ongoing industry study on North American shale wells help explain what frac hits, or fracture-driven interactions, are doing between offset wells, and why. When trying to understand the well-to-well events known as frac hits and fracture-driven interactions (FDIs), the first idea to embrace is this: they are not all the same. “And the key physical mechanisms are not the same,” said Mark McClure, who added that, “Until you’ve really dialed in on what those are, you’re really in the dark.” - [University Group Lists “Most Promising” Oil & Gas Startups of the Year](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/university-group-lists-most-promising-oil-gas-startups-year) - Being a startup in the upstream industry does not make for an easy existence. For starters, the target customer base is famously known for its collective skepticism of new and unproven technologies. And even if an innovation passes technical muster, it must go well beyond creating nominal value to entertain wide interest from oil and gas companies. ResFrac's precursor company, McClure Geomechanics, was named among the most promising startups by the Rice Alliance for Technology and Entrepreneurship for the Offshore Technology Conference’s (OTC) Startup Roundup in 2018. - [New Modeling Code Sees Deep Inside Fractures, May Change Thinking on Well Spacing](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/new-modeling-code-sees-deep-inside-fractures-may-change-thinking-well-spacing) - The diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT), also called a mini-frac, has helped steer the completion designs of countless horizontal wells over the years. However, an ongoing industry study is about to give engineers a new, and possibly significantly more accu­rate, way to use it. As a result of the project, "What I believe is going to happen, is that in 3 years everyone will have completely changed how they interpret the test," said Mark McClure, the founder and chief executive officer of ResFrac Corp. - [Frac Tech: Simulation Sheds Light On Complex Relationships Between Parent-Child Wells](https://www.resfrac.com/library/press-releases/frac-tech-simulation-sheds-light-complex-relationships-between-parent-child-wells) - HOUSTON– Hess Corp. applied advanced numerical modeling and simulation to better understand complex relationships between a horizontal parent and two vertical child wells completed in the Middle Bakken formation. The results not only help make sense of diverse parent/child well observations, but also shed new light on effective frac length, the impact of frac hits on parent well production, proppant distribution and “trapping,” and more. - [ATCE Startup Competition Names People's Choice and Rising Star Winners](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/atce-startup-competition-names-peoples-choice-and-rising-star-winners) - ATCE welcomes ResFrac Corporation to the vibrant and innovative Startup Village. Designed to ignite the entrepreneurial spirit in the energy industry, this competition showcases a remarkable competition for emerging startups in the energy field. This is your chance to promote your ingenuity and creativity by presenting your groundbreaking solutions, technologies, and business models that will revolutionize the energy sector. Compete with other energy startups to win prizes, gain visibility and recognition by industry leaders, gain mentorship and network with energy investors! - [ResFrac on the Oil and Gas Startups Podcast](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/resfrac-oil-and-gas-startups-podcast) - ResFrac co-founder and CEO Mark McClure joined Collin and Jake from the Digital Wildcatters' Oil and Gas Startup Podcast to discuss ResFrac's origin, approach, technology, and culture. - [Questions Over Permeability Prompt Producer-Led Group To Rebuild Key Fracture Diagnostic](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/questions-over-permeability-prompt-producer-led-group-rebuild-key-fracture-diagnostic) - For the past 20 years, the diagnostic fracture injection test has been used across the frontlines of the shale revolution to paint a picture of what cannot be seen. However, that picture has not always been so clear in the eyes of subsurface engineers. Last year, a joint-industry project supported by six shale producers formed to develop a new methodology that aims to bring fractures into sharper focus—especially when it comes to obtaining accurate permeability estimates from within shale gas formations - [Obserintelligence Podcast interviews ResFrac CEO Mark McClure](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/obserintelligence-podcast-interviews-resfrac-ceo-mark-mcclure) - Some really great insights by ResFrac CEO Mark McClure on the complementary nature between physics-based modeling and data science and automation in the oil sector. Thanks to Hoss Belyadi for facilitating this important discussion. - [Why Multistage Stimulation Could Transform the Geothermal Industry](https://www.resfrac.com/library/resfrac-updates-lib/rfnews/why-multistage-stimulation-could-transform-the-geothermal-industry) - Flow rate is a major challenge for geothermal. However, the techniques used in shale to prevent flow localization can be applied directly to geothermal. If we can create hundreds or thousands of flowing fracture pathways around a horizontal or deviated geothermal well, then we will have truly “changed the game.” Read the article at the Journal of Petroleum Technology. - [TWA Energy Influencers 2021](https://www.resfrac.com/library/press-releases/twa-energy-influencers-2021) - We're excited to announce that Mark McClure, ResFrac CEO was chosen to receive a "TWA Energy Influencers Class of 2021" award, given by The Way Ahead, a publication of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. This honor was given to seventeen young professionals, under the age of 36, "who excel in their fields at a level superior to that of their peers, yielding second-to-none achievements. Their outstanding efforts help shape the narrative around key issues in the energy sector for future generations." Learn more about all those awarded on The Way Ahead website. - [DOE Innovators Roundtable on Enhanced Geothermal Systems with Secretary Granholm](https://www.resfrac.com/library/press-releases/doe-innovators-roundtable-on-enhanced-geothermal-systems-with-secretary-granholm) - This week, the US Secretary of Energy, Jennifer Granholm, was in Houston to announce an 'Earthshot' initiative to accelerate domestic production of zero-emission, baseload geothermal energy Secretary Granholm announced the initiative at a press conference, and then hosted a roundtable discussion with Reginald DesRoches, the president of Rice University, and a group of innovators in the geothermal space. ResFrac CEO Mark McClure was one of the participants in the roundtable. Sec. Granholm asked him how to increase engagement from the oil and gas industry in geothermal. - [Hart Energy Profiles ResFrac as Innovative, Disruptive Technology](https://www.resfrac.com/library/press-releases/hart-energy-profiles-resfrac-innovative-disruptive-technology) - "Private-equity-backed tech startups are fostering change in the oil and gas space with innovative, disruptive technology. Many investors have turned to transformative technologies to enable digitalization and improve returns. Given the current price environment, harnessing digital technologies has proven to be a critical part of survival. As many oil and gas companies look for solutions to help cut costs, Investor profiled three forward-thinking digital technology startups that are moving through the energy industry and helping streamline operations, boost efficiencies and maximize production." - [ResFrac Featured as Pioneering Software Technology in Hart Energy's 2023 Hydraulic Fracturing Techbook](https://www.resfrac.com/library/press-releases/resfrac-featured-in-hart-energy-2023-hydraulic-fracturing-techbook-ar) - ResFrac initiates the process by building a “why” model using first principle physics. “Once we have a model that accurately describes how things are acting in the rock, we apply algorithms that use data analytical techniques,” ResFrac COO, Garrett Fowler said. “Optimization algorithms run a variety of hypothetical simulations—moving a well 50 feet deeper, for example, or using twice as much fluid—to determine the best next step in the development process.” - [Sampling Schemes for Sensitivity Analysis](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/sampling-schemes-for-sensitivity-analysis) - For this month's Office Hours, we have a presentation on "Sampling Schemes for Sensitivity Analysis" by ResFrac Senior Reservoir and Completions Engineer, Chris Ponners. Chris discusses the details of the various sampling schemes provided in ResFrac's sensitivity analysis workflows, reviews the theory and implementation of each sampling scheme, the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, and how to pick a sampling scheme to best fit a goal of a sensitivity analysis series. - [A Success Story: Screening and Optimizing Refracs in the Eagle Ford](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/a-success-story-screening-and-optimizing-refracs-in-the-eagle-ford) - For this month's Office Hours, we have a review from ResFrac COO, Garrett Fowler, of a paper he presented at last week's URETEC 2023, "A Success Story: Screening and Optimizing Refracs in the Eagle Ford," co-authored with Chesapeake. - [Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring (SWPM) and Calibrated Fracture Modeling: The Next Step in Unconventional Completions Optimization](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/sealed-wellbore-pressure-monitoring-swpm-and-calibrated-fracture-modeling-the-next-step-in-unconventional-completions-optimization-2) - For Office Hours this month, we enjoyed a presentation from Well Data Labs' Karen Olson, reviewing her case study from HFTS-1 Phase 3, where she used SWPM to estimate volume to first response for different designs and ResFrac's automated history matching capability to match 'volume to first response' of the different designs. - [Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring (SWPM) and Calibrated Fracture Modeling: The Next Step in Unconventional Completions Optimization](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/sealed-wellbore-pressure-monitoring-swpm-and-calibrated-fracture-modeling-the-next-step-in-unconventional-completions-optimization) - Well Data Labs and ResFrac collaborated with Devon Energy is demonstrate an automated workflow for calibrating ResFrac models to Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring (SWPM) data from HFTS 1 Phase 3 refrac project in the Eagle Ford. The workflow we followed was the same as that in our blog post tutorial on using Volume to First Responses (VFRs) from SWPM. - [Proppant distribution between perforation clusters](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/proppant-distribution-between-perforation-clusters) - This presentation discusses a model to simulate the behavior of particle-laden slurry in a horizontal perforated wellbore with the goal of quantifying particle distribution between perforations. There are two primary phenomena that influence the result. The first one is the non-uniform particle distribution within the wellbore’s cross-section and how it changes along the flow. The second phenomenon is related to the ability of particles to turn from the wellbore to a perforation. Mathematical model for each sub-problem is developed and calibrated independently against available data. Results of simulations for the multi-cluster geometry also agree well with the available laboratory and field scale experiments. The importance of the developed model can be summarized as follows. First of all, it allows to better understand the physical processes occurring in the wellbore, which in turn helps understanding sensitivities to problem parameters. Then, the model can be used to create perforation designs leading to nearly uniform proppant distribution between clusters. Finally, it can be (and will be) integrated into ResFrac to investigate the overall effect of the aforementioned non-uniform proppant distribution on the overall treatment efficiency. - [Results from a Collaborative Parent/Child Industry Study: Permian Basin](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/results-from-a-collaborative-parent-child-industry-study-permian-basin) - For January Office Hours, we had a presentation from ResFrac CEO, Mark McClure, discussing his SPE paper, "Results from a Collaborative Parent/Child Industry Study: Permian Basin." - [Complex Econonomic Optimization, Part 2](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/complex-econonomic-optimization-part-2) - For Office Hours this month, we had a presentation from ResFrac Director of User Success, Dave Ratcliff. He presented a Complex Economic Optimization workflow where he explains how to vary stage length, cluster count, and well spacing while keeping the perforation friction drop constant to maximize NPV/Section. This is part 2 of a 2-part series. - [ResFrac Office Hours: December 13](https://www.resfrac.com/library/events/resfrac-office-hours-modeling-of-parent-child-well-interactions) - ResFrac December Office Hours will be held virtually via Zoom on December 13, at 4:00 p.m. Central. We will have a presentation by ResFrac CEO, Mark McClure. - [Complex Econonomic Optimization, Part 1](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/complex-economic-optimization-workflow) - For Office Hours this month, we had a presentation from ResFrac Director of User Success, Dave Ratcliff. He presented a Complex Economic Optimization workflow where he explains how to vary stage length, cluster count, and well spacing while keeping the perforation friction drop constant to maximize NPV/Section. This is part 1 of a 2-part series, we will continue the discussion in an upcoming Office Hours. - [Argentina Shale Production 2022](https://www.resfrac.com/library/%library_category%/argentina-shale-production-2022) - Join us on November 2-3 at the upcoming Argentina Shale Production Conference 2022, where Garrett Fowler will be presenting. Click here for more information and to register. - [SPE Permian Basin Energy Conference](https://www.resfrac.com/library/%library_category%/spe-permian-basin-energy-conference) - ResFrac will be attending the SPE Permian Basin Energy Conference on October 22-24 and presenting a paper covering a selection of the data sets from our Parent-Child Industry Study that we led with seven operators in 2021 and 2022. - [HART Energy Capital Conference](https://www.resfrac.com/library/%library_category%/hart-energy-capital-conference) - Join us at the upcoming HART Energy Conference, where Garrett Fowler will be presenting on a panel on energy venture capital. - [Modeling CO2 injection and long-term storage using ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/modeling-co2-injection-and-long-term-storage-using-resfrac) - For this month's Office Hours, we had a presentation from ResFrac Senior Reservoir and Completions Engineer, Ankush Singh, on modeling CO2 injection and long-term storage using ResFrac. The true injection capacity of a CO 2 storage site should be calculated in terms of how much fluid can be injected economically, while minimizing the risks such as caprock failure and induced seismicity. We will discuss some of the fully coupled 3DResFrac simulations we performed to better understand the changes in the subsurface resulting from CO2 injection. The simulations demonstrate the importance of utilizing a fully integrated 3D hydraulic fracture, geomechanics and compositional fluid flow simulator to understand the subsurface risks and optimize CO 2 injection. - [ARMA International Geomechanics Symposium](https://www.resfrac.com/library/events/argentina-shale-production-2022-2) - Join us on November 7-9 at the upcoming ARMA International Geomechanics Symposium in Abu Dhabi. ResFrac Senior Reservoir and Completions Engineer, Ankush Singh, will be presenting his recent work on long-term CO2 injection. - [DFIT Interpretation Course, SAGA Wisdom](https://www.resfrac.com/library/training/dfit-interpretation-course) - This course covers the DFIT interpretation procedure from the paper URTeC-2019-123. The procedure was developed as part of a collaborative industry study sponsored by a group of six operators and one service company. It is the latest course offered by SAGA Wisdom,available to SAGA Wisdom subscribers. - [ResFrac Fundamentals Training October 5-6](https://www.resfrac.com/library/%library_category%/october2022fundamentals) - We’ll be hosting another ResFrac training October 5-6. If you’ve been meaning to attend to learn more about how to master the ResFrac simulator, or if you just think it’s time for a brush-up on your skills, we’d love to have you join us. - [Industry Insight at SPE ATCE: Practical Perspectives in Unconventional Reservoirs](https://www.resfrac.com/library/%library_category%/industry-insight-at-spe-atce-practical-perspectives-in-unconventional-reservoirs) - ResFrac CEO Mark McClure will be presenting at 2022 ATCE, at the George R. Brown Convention Center in Houston, Texas on October 3, 2022. Click here for a video introduction to the information that he will be presenting, "Practical Perspectives in Unconventional Reservoirs". - [Using Automated History Matching to calibrate to Volume to First Response (VFRs)](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/using-automated-history-matching-to-calibrate-to-volume-to-first-response-vfrs) - For this Office Hours, Garrett Fowler reviews his recent blog post, "Automated history matching to fracture geometries as measured by Volume to First Response (VFR): A Tutorial." - [Adding a fourth dimension: Optimizing for heat recovery](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/adding-a-fourth-dimension-optimizing-for-heat-recovery) - ResFrac lends itself particularly well to the optimization of hydraulically stimulated geothermal wells. ResFrac not only computes fracturing and reservoir flow simultaneously, but also calculates thermal stress changes and supercritical fluid properties. Fowler and McClure (2021) evaluate three geothermal designs: a closed-loop, a closed-loop with thermally conductive fractures, and an open-loop multi-lateral. - [Modeling unlocked 60% improvement in NPV](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/modeling-unlocked-60-improvement-in-npv) - HFTS 2 is one of the highly measured hydraulic fracturing pads in the world. In 2021, the HFTS 2 consortia and ResFrac collaborated on a modeling study to incorporate all the advanced diagnostics in HFTS 2 into a single, comprehensive model. This model was then employed in an automated optimization workflow to assess opportunities to improve NPV by adjusting well spacing, proppant loading, fluid loading, cluster spacing, and landing zone. Pudugramam et al. presented the ResFrac model calibration and optimization in URTeC 3723620 in 2022, showing a 60% possible improvement in NPV by optimization of well placement and completion design. - [Modeling of Parent Child Well Interactions](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/modeling-of-parent-child-well-interactions) - For Office Hours this month, ResFrac Director of User Success, Dave Ratcliff, gave a review of his 2022 HFTC paper with Devon, Modeling of Parent-Child Well Interactions. - [Devon and ResFrac model parent-child interactions in the STACK](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/devon-and-resfrac-model-parent-child-interactions-in-the-stack) - Parent-child interactions have been a continual challenge for the unconventional oil and gas industry in recent years. At HFTC 2022, Devon and ResFrac co-authored a study on modeling parent-child interactions in the STACK in Oklahoma (SPE 209152). The parent well, two generations of children wells, and a remediation treatment in the parent well are modeled in a single, continuous ResFrac model. The continuous nature of the ResFrac modeling allowed for fluid exchanges between parent and children wells to be captured, while also requiring a holistic explanation for performance degradation in parent well post-hit. The model quantitatively described all historical observations (including damage to parent and subsequent recovery after remediation treatments) and is now suited for optimization of child well design and parent remediation programs. - [Decision-Making Technology for Oil and Gas: Using the industry's only genuinely coupled hydraulic fracturing, wellbore, and reservoir simulator](https://www.resfrac.com/library/%library_category%/decision-making-technology-for-oil-and-gas-using-the-industrys-only-genuinely-coupled-hydraulic-fracturing-wellbore-and-reservoir-simulator) - Look for ResFrac at Enercom Denver 2022 on August 9, 2022 at 10:05 a.m. Mountain time. ResFrac COO Garrett Fowler will be presenting, "Decision-Making Technology for Oil and Gas: Using the industry's only genuinely coupled hydraulic fracturing, wellbore, and reservoir simulator". We'll be there in person, so come see us at our presentation and meet and greet afterward. - [Enercom Denver 2022](https://www.resfrac.com/library/%library_category%/resfrac-enercom-denver) - ResFrac's Garrett Fowler will be presenting to Enercom Denver on August 8, 2022. Click here for more information or to register to attend. - [Estimating Reservoir Permeability and Fracture Surface Area Using the Flowback DFIT (DFIT-FBA)](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/estimating-reservoir-permeability-and-fracture-surface-area-using-the-flowback-dfit-dfit-fba) - The main parameters of interest derived from a diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) are minimum in-situ stress, reservoir pressure, and permeability. The latter two can only be obtained uniquely from the transient reservoir responses, often requiring days to weeks of test time. The DFIT flowback analysis (DFIT-FBA) method, a sequence of pump-in/flowback (PIFB), is a fast alternative to the pump-in/falloff (conventional) DFIT for estimating minimum in-situ stress and reservoir pressure. - [A continuous fracture front tracking algorithm with multi layer tip elements (MuLTipEl) for a plane strain hydraulic fracture](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/a-continuous-fracture-front-tracking-algorithm-with-multi-layer-tip-elements-multipel-for-a-plane-strain-hydraulic-fracture) - The problem of a plane strain hydraulic fracture propagating in a layered formation is considered. Fracture toughness, in-situ stress, and leak-off coefficient are assumed to vary by layer, while the elastic properties are kept constant throughout the domain for simplicity. The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical algorithm based on a fixed mesh approach, which is capable to solve the above problem accurately using elements which can even be larger than the layer size. - [Using Quantitative Tracer Analysis to Calibrate Hydraulic Fracture and Reservoir Simulation Models: A Permian Basin Case Study](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/using-quantitative-tracer-analysis-to-calibrate-hydraulic-fracture-and-reservoir-simulation-models-a-permian-basin-case-study) - Well spacing and hydraulic fracture design optimization are among the most important challenges confronting companies operating in unconventional reservoirs. Field trials are time-consuming and expensive. Reservoir simulation and/or rate transient analysis can help guide development decisions, but these calculations can be affected by non-uniqueness. This work demonstrates that tracers can be used to reduce non-uniqueness. - [Using Geochemical Production Allocation to Calibrate Hydraulic Fracture and Reservoir Simulation Models: A Permian Basin Case Study](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/using-geochemical-production-allocation-to-calibrate-hydraulic-fracture-and-reservoir-simulation-models-a-permian-basin-case-study) - This paper demonstrates how geochemical production allocations can be used to calibrate reservoir simulation models and improve the optimization of well spacing and hydraulic fracture design in unconventional assets. Geochemical analyses provide quantitative assessments of flow by layer over time. This allows numerical models to be fine-tuned to realistically capture the productive fracture height for wells landed in different stratigraphic layers. - [Optimizing Well Spacing and Completion Design Using Simulation Models Calibrated to the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 2 (HFTS-2) Dataset](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/optimizing-well-spacing-and-completion-design-using-simulation-models-calibrated-to-the-hydraulic-fracture-test-site-2-hfts-2-dataset) - This paper presents a calibration and optimization workflow using a fully coupled hydraulic fracturing, reservoir, and geomechanics simulator, as applied to the HFTS-2 dataset in the Delaware Basin, Texas, USA. Modeling began with building a geomechanical stress profile using the viscoelastic stress relaxation (VSR) method. The model was then calibrated to key observations from the field diagnostic data, which included: horizontal and vertical well DAS/DTS/DSS fiber, downhole microseismic arrays, pressure gauges, core-through data, image logs, DFITs, proppant-in-cuttings analysis, interference tests, and production data. Finally, the calibrated model was used to perform an economic optimization of design parameters by running hundreds of variations and comparing their performance. - [A comparison of hydraulic fracture front tracking algorithms](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/a-comparison-of-hydraulic-fracture-front-tracking-algorithms) - The problem of a plane strain hydraulic fracture propagating in a layered formation is considered. Fracture toughness, in-situ stress, and leak-off coefficient are assumed to vary by layer, while the elastic properties are kept constant throughout the domain for simplicity. The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical algorithm based on a fixed mesh approach, which is able to solve the above problem accurately using elements that can even be larger than the layer size. - [Optimizing Shale Economics with an Integrated Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Simulator and a Bayesian Automated History Matching and Optimization Algorithm](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/optimizing-shale-economics-with-an-integrated-hydraulic-fracturing-and-reservoir-simulator-and-a-bayesian-automated-history-matching-and-optimization-algorithm) - This study describes an automated history matching and optimization workflow using an integrated hydraulic fracturing reservoir simulator and applies the workflow in four cases. The automated workflow solves a formal mathematical optimization problem to minimize misfit with observations from any point in the lifecycle of a hydraulically fractured well, or to maximize a quantity of interest, such as net present value. - [Optimization and Design of Next-Generation Geothermal Systems Created by Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/optimization-and-design-of-next-generation-geothermal-systems-created-by-multistage-hydraulic-fracturing) - Multistage hydraulic stimulation has the potential to greatly expand the production of geothermal in the United States and worldwide. Zonal isolation and limited-entry completion overcome the problem of flow localization and generate hundreds or thousands of conductive fractures throughout a large volume of rock. In contrast, conventional geothermal stimulation designs are bullheaded as a single stage into a vertical or deviated wellbore, resulting in a small number of dominant flow-pathways. - [Modeling Frac Hits: Mechanisms for Damage Versus Uplift](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/modeling-frac-hits-mechanisms-for-damage-versus-uplift) - Parent/child interactions pose a critical challenge for oil and gas shale producers. The industry has progressed significantly in its understanding of causes and mitigation. However, important uncertainties remain. Fracture-driven interactions or more commonly, "frac hits", exhibit varied behaviors in different basins. - [The Impact of Extended-time Proppant Conductivity Impairment on the Ultimate Recovery from Unconventional Horizontal Well Completions](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/the-impact-of-extended-time-proppant-conductivity-impairment-on-the-ultimate-recovery-from-unconventional-horizontal-well-completions) - For Office Hours this month, we had a presentation from Garrett Fowler, ResFrac Chief Operating Officer, entitled, "The Impact of Extended-time Proppant Conductivity Impairment on the Ultimate Recovery from Unconventional Horizontal Well Completions." - [The Impact of Extended-Time Proppant Conductivity Impairment on the Ultimate Recovery from Unconventional Horizontal Well Completions](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/the-impact-of-extended-time-proppant-conductivity-impairment-on-the-ultimate-recovery-from-unconventional-horizontal-well-completions-2) - The stimulation design of hydraulically fractured wells has always pitted the engineer's capability to maximize the fracture extent (or fracture half-length within the formation) versus the conductivity of the fracture pack generated by the deposited proppant material. In essence, the area of productive reservoir rock contacted by the hydraulic fracture treatment needs to be appropriately engineered to remain connected to the wellbore over the life of the well to maximize reservoir recovery. - [Best Practices in DFIT Interpretation: Comparative Analysis of 62 DFITs from Nine Different Shale Plays](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/best-practices-in-dfit-interpretation-comparative-analysis-of-62-dfits-from-nine-different-shale-plays) - In URTeC-123-2019, a group of operators and service companies presented a step-by-step procedure for interpretation of diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs). The procedure has now been applied on a wide variety of data across North and South America. This paper statistically summarizes results from 62 of these DFITs, contributed by ten operators spanning nine different shale plays. - [Modelling of Parent Child Well Interactions](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/modelling-of-parent-child-well-interactions) - We performed a modeling study calibrating a coupled "true" hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator to a complex set of observations from a parent-child well pad in the STACK play located in the Anadarko Basin area of Oklahoma. The model was constrained by sealed wellbore pressure monitoring, interference testing, pressure responses during frac hits, production data, and responses to chemical treatment. - [A Feasibility Study on Three Geothermal Designs: Deep Closed-Loop (with and without Conductive Fractures) and Open-Loop Circulation Between Multifractured Laterals](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/a-feasibility-study-on-three-geothermal-designs-deep-closed-loop-with-and-without-conductive-fractures-and-open-loop-circulation-between-multifractured-laterals) - We performed a modeling study to compare the feasibility of three geothermal designs: a closed- loop heat exchanger, a closed-loop heat exchanger with hydraulic fractures engineered to contain thermally conductive material, and an open-loop two-well doublet with multistage fracturing along horizontal laterals. The study was performed with a fully integrated hydraulic fracturing, reservoir, and wellbore simulator. Simulations were performed at a variety of temperatures and operating conditions. The findings show that the closed-loop heat exchanger designs yield very low energy production per foot of wellbore drilled. - [Hess and ResFrac Collaborate on Bakken Parent-Child Study](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/hess-and-resfrac-collaborate-bakken-parent-child-study) - ResFrac performed an integrated parent/child study with Hess in the Bakken shale. The well history involved a complex series of production, reinjection, DFITs, a frac hit from an offset well, and subsequent production uplift. Because ResFrac integrates fracturing and production in a single simulation, it was possible to model the entire series of events in a single continuous simulation. The simulation was able to capture all the major observations from the complex and varied dataset. The results allowed us to calibrate model parameters such as Biot coefficient, fracture toughness, permeability, and proppant conductivity. Because the model is so well-calibrated, it can now be applied to address practical completion design questions. - [Case History of Drainage Mapping and Effective Fracture Length in the Bakken](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/case-history-drainage-mapping-and-effective-fracture-length-bakken) - Understanding effective fracture length and characterizing drainage patterns is critical for optimal development of unconventional resources. This paper documents a comprehensive field experiment in the Bakken formation, where several fracture diagnostic technologies and drainage mapping methods were used in a unique project setup to measure effective fracture length and map drainage. - [Optimization of Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs in the Context of Stress Variations with Depth](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/optimization-multi-stage-hydraulic-fracturing-unconventional-reservoirs-context-stress) - Stage length and perforation cluster spacing are important design parameters for multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. This study aims to demonstrate that the interplay between subtle variations of the least principal stress (Shmin) with depth and the stress shadows induced by simultaneously propagating hydraulic fractures from multiple perforation clusters, primarily determines the propped and fractured area in the target formations. This principle is illustrated with the help of a case study in a prolific unconventional formation in the northeastern US, where the vertical stress variations are well characterized through discrete multi-depth stress measurements and actual stage design parameters used by the operator are known. - [Near-Wellbore Deposition of High Conductivity Proppant to Improve Effective Fracture Conductivity and Productivity of Horizontal Well Stimulations](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/near-wellbore-deposition-high-conductivity-proppant-improve-effective-fracture) - In conventional formations, it has long been established that designing fracture treatments with improved near-wellbore conductivity generates improved production and economic returns. This is accomplished by pumping treatments with increased proppant concentration in the final stages (the traditional proppant ramp design), and in some cases by changing proppant size or type in the final stages to effect greater near-wellbore conductivity - commonly referred to as a "tail-in" design. These designs overcome the impacts of greater near-wellbore pressure loss during production caused by flow concentration in the near-wellbore region compared to distal parts of the fracture. - [Recorded ARMA HFC Warm up Series- Morphology of Simultaneously Propagating Hydraulic Fractures](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/recorded-arma-hfc) - Dr. Egor Dontsov, Chief Scientist at ResFrac gave a presentation to the ARMA HFC Warm-Up Series entitled “Morphology of Simultaneously Propagating Hydraulic Fractures.” Current hydraulic fracture designs rely heavily on inducing multiple cracks within each stage. Field-scale hydraulic fracture simulations for such scenarios demonstrate that there are situations, in which fractures develop complex shapes, whereby each individual fracture has its own unique geometry that is very different from its neighbors. - [Optimization of Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs in the Context of Stress Variations with Depth](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/optimization-multi-stage-hydraulic-fracturing-unconventional-reservoirs-context-0) - Stage length and perforation cluster spacing are important design parameters for multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. This study aims to demonstrate that the interplay between subtle variations of the least principal stress (Shmin) with depth and the stress shadows induced by simultaneously propagating hydraulic fractures from multiple perforation clusters, primarily determines the propped and fractured area in the target formations. - [High Fidelity Fibre-Optic Observations and Resultant Fracture Modeling in Support of Planarity](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/high-fidelity-fibre-optic-observations-and-resultant-fracture-modeling-support) - In the last decade, we have observed major advancements in different modeling techniques for hydraulic fracturing propagation. Direct monitoring techniques such as fibre-optics can be used to calibrate these models and significantly enhance our understanding of subsurface processes. In this study, we present field monitoring observations indicating consistently oriented, planar fractures in an offset-well at different landing zones in the Permian basin. Frac hit counts, location, and timing statistics can be compiled from the data using offset wells at different distances and depths. - [Leveraging Fiber Data in the Midland Basin](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/leveraging-fiber-data-in-the-midland-basin) - Apache used ResFrac to tightly constrain their Midland Basin pad models. Apache is a leader in gathering and interpreting advanced diagnostics. In SPE-204172, Shahri et al., describe the detailed calibrations possible with ResFrac and cross-well engineered fiber from Silixa. ResFrac outputs the full stress and strain tensors at any location in the model. These data can be used to directly compare to the strain rate data gathered from cross-well fiber-optic monitoring. - [Optimizing Well Spacing and Completion Design using Simulation Models Calibrated to the HFTS-2 Dataset](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/optimizing-well-spacing-and-completion-design-using-simulation-models-calibrated-to-the-hfts-2-dataset) - For Office Hours this month, we had a presentation from ResFrac Senior Reservoir and Completions Engineer, Rohan Irvin, on optimizing well spacing and completion design using simulation models calibrated to the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 2 (HFTS-2) dataset. - [ResFrac Office Hours: Optimizing Delaware Basin developments using the HFTS-2 dataset](https://www.resfrac.com/library/%library_category%/optimizing-delaware-basin) - July Office Hours will be held on July 12 at 4:00 p.m. Central, virtually via Zoom. ResFrac's Rohan Irvin will review his URTeC paper on modeling the HFTS 2 well pad in the Delaware Basin. - [Refrac Models](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/resfrac-models) - https://youtu.be/J2dLMuhSDHA This week we took a look a some of the considerations to keep in mind when setting up refrac models and some initial validations. - [Evaluating Marcellus Completion Designs](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/evaluating-marcellus-completion-designs) - Range Resources Corporation is a top-ten natural gas producer with operations in the Marcellus Shale and North Louisiana. Over the years, Range Resources has, and continues to, incorporate leading practices and engineering solutions into every aspect of their business. In 2018, Range participated with others in a ResFrac DFIT study designed to refine in situ permeability estimates of various reservoirs (Marcellus, Pt Pleasant, & others) (McClure et al 2019). Incorporating the results of this study, Range & ResFrac ran numerous simulations to determine if current completion designs could be enhanced. The simulation results support a potential field test for Range in the future for further evaluation. - [Refracturing, Automated History Matching and Automated Economic Optimization](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/refracturing-automated-history-matching-and-automated-economic-optimization) - This Office Hours presentation from Mark McClure on refracturing, automated history matching, and automated economic optimization covers a ResFrac case study using a public 'refrac' dataset on which we perform an automated history match to the original and 'post-refrac' dataset. Then, we perform an automated economic optimization on job size for the refrac design. - [Direct Validation of DFIT Interpretations from In-Situ Strain Measurements](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/direct-validation-of-dfit-interpretations-from-in-situ-strain-measurements) - For Office Hours this month, we had a presentation from Mark McClure entitled, "Direct Validation of DFIT Interpretations from In-Situ Strain Measurements," reviewing a presentation he gave on April 11, 2022, at Saga Wisdom's Sökkvabekkr conference in Austin, TX. - [Predicting Stress Profiles from Log and Lab Data Using the Viscoelastic Stress Relaxation Concept](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/predicting-stress-profiles-from-log-and-lab-data-using-the-viscoelastic-stress-relaxation-concept) - For this Office Hours, we continued the topic introduced by Professor Mark Zoback on the recent updates to the North American Stress Map with a presentation by ResFrac's Ankush Singh on predicting stress profiles from log and lab data using the Viscoelastic Stress Relaxation (VSR) concept. - [Changes to the North American Stress Map](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/changes-to-the-north-american-stress-map) - For this Office Hours, we had a presentation from Professor Mark Zoback on the recent updates to the North American Stress Map. - [Command Line Interface Demo and Restart Files](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/command-line-interface-demo-and-restart-files) - https://youtu.be/4H23c7R97pU For Office Hours 14 July 2020, we have a guest demo from ResFrac CIO Soma on how to use the ResFrac Command Line Interface, and Garrett answers a question from a user regarding how to use restart files. - [Automated History Matching Tool](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/automated-history-matching-tool) - For Office Hours this month, we had a presentation by Charles A. Kang, ResFrac Chief Technology Officer. Charles did an intro and demo of the newly launched automated history matching tool in ResFrac. - [Unconventional Optimized Development Strategy Workflow](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/unconventional-optiumized-development-strategy-workflow) - Sama Morsy presents her 2021 paper with Chevron on Unconventional Optimized Strategy Development Workflow, discussing completion design optimization due to depletion and also the preloading process to safeguard against damage to parent and child wells due to depletion and offset fracturing. She also highlights additional modeling capabilities with ResFrac and how ResFrac can be used for the optimal evaluation of completion designs. - [MulTipEl Algorithm](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/multipel-algorithm) - For this Office Hours, Garrett gives us a sneak peek into the newest ResFrac release, which includes the industry-leading MulTipEl algorithm (continuous fracture propagation). - [Stress variations with depth and hydraulic fracture optimization](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/stress-variations-with-depth-and-hydraulic-fracture-optimization) - This month, we had a presentation from ResFrac Senior Consulting Engineer, Dr. Ankush Singh, entitled, "Stress variations with depth and hydraulic fracture optimization". He covers material from SPE papers "Optimization of Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs in the Context of Stress Variations with Depth" (https://doi.org/10.2118/201739-MS) and "Integrated Analysis of the Coupling Between Geomechanics and Operational Parameters to Optimize Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Proppant Distribution" (https://doi.org/10.2118/194323-MS). - [Creating Value with a Hypothesis-Driven Workflow](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/creating-value-with-a-hypothesis-driven-workflow) - For Office Hours this month, we had a conversation with Mark McClure on his recent findings and observations on structured field testing, as motivated by his recent due of blog posts: "Epistemic Challenges in Subsurface Engineering, Part I: The Persistence of False Beliefs" and "Epistemic Challenges in Subsurface Engineering, Part II: Creating Value with a Hypothesis-Driven Workflow" on the ResFrac blog. - [Modeling Cross Well Fiber in ResFrac Dr Mojtaba Shahri](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/modeling-cross-well-fiber) - For Office Hours this month, we had a presentation on modeling cross well fiber in ResFrac, by Dr. Mojtaba Shahri. Dr. Shahri presented the findings from his HFTC paper "High Fidelity Fibre-Optic Observations and Resultant Fracture Modeling in Support of Planarity." - [Virtual Simulation Course Review](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/virtual-simulation-course-review) - https://youtu.be/SYFAlVaA4Zs This week, we followed up on what was covered at the ResFrac virtual simulation training course and answered questions from participants regarding the assigned homework and using the ResFrac model. - [Frac Hit Damage Factor and Plotting Features](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/frac-hit-damage-factor-and-plotting-features) - https://youtu.be/tWgBdZqF7Wc For Office Hours on 11 Aug 2020, we had a demo from Mark McClure on the recently added frac hit damage factor. We also review new plotting features and group plots in ResFrac. - [The Peril of Non-Unique Solutions](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/the-peril-of-non-unique-solutions) - https://youtu.be/dzGs-XKpICA For Office Hours on 22 Sept 2020 we had a guest presentation by Dave Ratcliff, ResFrac Senior Consulting Engineer, and Petrophysicist, discussing the Peril of Non-unique Solutions in simulation results and how to troubleshoot common issues. - [Frac Design as a Function of Commodity Prices](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/frac-design-as-a-function-of-commodity-prices) - https://youtu.be/EOFXJUhVcPs This week for ResFrac office hours, we talked about Mark's latest blog post on why the optimal frac design is a function of commodity prices. We continued our discussion from last week on refrac modeling and answered questions from Zoom call participants. - [May 2020 ResFrac Software Updates](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/may-2020-resfrac-software-updates) - https://youtu.be/zVh0b6TnnUI This week's discussion previews the May 2020 ResFrac software updates from Mark McClure. This is a major update with substantial changes to both the ResFrac simulator and the user-interface, and we're excited to show you what we've been working on. - [History Matching Workflow](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/history-matching-workflow) - https://youtu.be/7O8QpgvRU4M We had a great session this week for ResFrac Office Hours. We continued our discussion on History Matching workflow. Audio starts at 00:15. Enjoy! - [Advanced Perforation Inputs](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/advanced-perforation-inputs) - https://youtu.be/AE2CL4TWpt8 For Office Hours on 28 July 2020, Garrett discusses advanced perforation inputs meant to help account for real-world uncertainties within the model: perforation diameter variance and perforation random initiation distance. - [Fracture Geometry Tuning](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/fracture-geometry-tuning) - https://youtu.be/PcKou7cJ-z0 For Office Hours on 25Aug2020, we had a guest presentation from petrophysicist and ResFrac Senior Consulting Engineer, Dave Ratcliff on diagnostics for fracture geometry and propped region tuning. - [Interpreting Simulations](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/interpreting-simulations) - https://youtu.be/hY57yF8O5K8 For Office Hours on 8 Sept 2020, we began what is sure to be a longer conversation on interpreting simulations and presenting results–looking at common plots and visualizations for comparing simulations. We also answered a question from a participant regarding the fracture strands per cluster option in ResFrac. - [Setting Up Well Spacing Sensitivities](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/setting-up-well-spacing-sensitivities) - https://youtu.be/80dbnDD-RRI For Office Hours on 3 Nov 2020, we discussed some of the nuances of setting up well spacing sensitivities for complicated well trajectories and then went through a demonstration in ResFrac. - [Hydraulic Fracturing: From Petals to Pancakes](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/hydraulic-fracturing-from-petals-to-pancakes) - https://youtu.be/t2rehaH8vbI For this Office Hours virtual presentation, we have a talk from Dr. Egor Dontsov entitled "Hydraulic Fractures: From Petals to Pancakes". This talk sheds the light on the possible variability of qualitative behavior of multiple planar hydraulic fractures within a stage. A peculiar feature is observed whereby the stress interaction between the fractures can - [Well Import](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/well-import) - https://youtu.be/sRqWTfnEcA0 For Office Hours on 20 Oct 2020, we had a demonstration from Garrett Fowler on the Well Import panel in ResFrac, and how to properly set up and view a well in the model. - [Cluster Spacing Sensitivities](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/cluster-spacing-sensitivities) - https://youtu.be/-lUKS_sXOyc For this Office Hours, we have a presentation from Garrett on cluster spacing sensitivity–why it matters and best practices for optimizing it. - [Stage Length Setup](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/stage-length-setup) - https://youtu.be/zoJiNaxLv2U For this Office Hours, Garrett discusses stage length sensitivities, how to structure those investigations within ResFrac, and common evaluation metrics to optimize stage length. He gave a short sneak preview into well spacing, which will be covered in future Office Hours. - [Thinking About Proppant Loading: How to Structure a Sensitivity](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/thinking-about-proppant-loading-how-to-structure-a-sensitivity) - For Office Hours this month, Garrett draws on his experience at ResFrac in this discussion on structuring simulation studies with regards to proppant loading. He covers the business motivations for proppant optimization, setup considerations in ResFrac, and metrics for evaluation. - [Automated Sensitivity Analysis Features](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/automated-sensitivity-analysis-features) - https://youtu.be/J6mUHEUb6Ss As you may have heard, we've got some big updates to ResFrac! Over the last year, our team has been working on ResFrac 3.0. The first phase of this is automated sensitivity analysis. For Office Hours on February 9th ResFrac CTO Charles Kang gave us a live demo of the new sensitivity analysis tools - [Using Corner Point Modeling in ResFrac](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/using-corner-point-modeling-in-resfrac) - https://youtu.be/S1RQBA2lESg For this Office Hours, we have a presentation from Chris Hewson on using corner point models within ResFrac. - [Geothermal Modeling in ResFrac 101](https://www.resfrac.com/library/office-hours/geothermal-modeling-in-resfrac-101) - https://youtu.be/9a-bSFkv9oc For Office Hours this month, Garrett gives a high-level overview of geothermal modeling in ResFrac. He discusses geothermal model setup in ResFrac, and uses a base case to demonstrate principles of geothermal modeling – the effect of temperatures, porothermoelastic effects, and the effect of flow rate on the implied power output of systems. - [The ResFrac DFIT Study](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/case-studies/resfrac-dfit-study) - The ResFrac DFIT study was a one-year collaborative effort sponsored by six operators and one service company. The study integrated ResFrac’s unique DFIT modeling capability with the expertise and experience of operators. We performed a top-to-bottom review of DFIT analysis techniques and developed a new step-by-step interpretation procedure. The results were presented at the 2019 - [Applying Field-Proven Surface Modified Proppant (SMP) to Increase Gas Production: A Case Study from Marcellus Shale](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/applying-field-proven-surface-modified-proppant-smp-increase-gas-production-case-study) - Paper 19ERM-P-214-SPE presented at the SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. - [A Collaborative Study on DFIT Interpretation: Integrating Modeling, Field Data, and Analytical Techniques](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/collaborative-study-dfit-interpretation-integrating-modeling-field-data-and-analytical) - Paper presented at the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado. - [A Utica Case Study: The Impact of Permeability Estimates on History Matching, Fracture Length, and Well Spacing](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/utica-case-study-impact-permeability-estimates-history-matching-fracture-length-and) - Paper SPE-195980-MS presented at the SPE Annual Technology Conference and Exhibition, Calgary, Alberta. 2019 | Garrett Fowler, Mark McClure, and Craig Cipolla View Publication - [Optimizing Completions in Tank Style Development](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/optimizing-completions-tank-style-development) - Paper presented at the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado. - [Nuances and Frequently Asked Questions in Field-Scale Hydraulic Fracture Modeling](https://www.resfrac.com/library/technical-papers/all-technical-papers/nuances-and-frequently-asked-questions-field-scale-hydraulic-fracture-modeling) - Paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas. ## Our Team - [Julian McDowell](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/julian-mcdowell) - [Chase Griffin](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/chase-griffin) - [Jack Blears](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/jack-blears) - [Rohan Irvin](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/rohan-irvin) - [Jorge Alejandro Oniszczuk](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/jorge-alejandro-oniszczuk) - [Ashton Bretzer](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/ashton-bretzer) - [Daniela Arias Ortiz](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/daniela-arias-ortiz) - [Agustin Garbino](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/agustin-garbino) - [Leonardo Cruz](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/leonardo-cruz) - [Craig Cipolla](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/craig-cipolla) - [Munhong (Robin) Hui](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/robin-hui) - [Jiaqi Du](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/jiaqi-du) - [Jiacheng Wang](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/jiacheng-wang) - [Sadeq Shahamat](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/sadeq-shahamat) - [Ankush Singh](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/ankush-singh) - [Sama Morsy](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/sama-morsy) - [Chris Ponners](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/chris-ponners) - [Michael Nole](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/michael-nole) - [Jubilee McGuire](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/jubilee-mcguire) - [Tristen Lawrence](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/tristen-lawrence) - As Operations Manager at ResFrac, Tristen keeps the back office running smoothly, ensuring efficient processes, seamless customer experiences, and well-executed outreach efforts. In addition to her operational expertise, Tristen is a UX/UI designer and WordPress site builder, always looking for ways to enhance digital experiences. - [Mark McClure](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/mark-mcclure) - [Kevin Eslick](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/kevin-eslick) - [Akshay Ubale](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/akshay-ubale) - [Aileen Zebrowski](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/aileen-zebrowski) - [Elizaveta Gordeliy](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/elizaveta-gordeliy) - [Danial Zeinabady](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/12661-2) - [Eric Schulz](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/eric-schulz) - [Thomas Finkbeiner](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/12421-2) - [Carlo Peruzzo](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/carlo-peruzzo) - [Garrett Fowler](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/garrett-fowler) - [Robert Roth](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/robert-roth) - [Jaime Orozco](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/jaime-orozco) - [Somasekhar Reddy](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/somasekhara-reddy-medam) - [Charles A. Kang](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/charles-a-kang) - [Joe Frantz](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/joe-frantz) - [Mark Zoback](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/mark-zoback) - [Chris Hewson](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/chris-hewson) - [Egor Dontsov](https://www.resfrac.com/our-team/egor-dontsov) ## Papers - [Permian Basin Refrac Candidate Selection and Design with Numerical Modeling](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/permian-basin-refrac-candidate-selection-and-design-with-numerical-modeling) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2026. - [Maximizing Value in a Miscible Gas Huff n Puff Enhanced Oil Recovery Pilot - A Case Study](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/maximizing-value-in-a-miscible-gas-huff-n-puff-enhanced-oil-recovery-pilot-a-case-study) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2026. - [Physics-Based Refrac Sensitivity and Optimization Using Calibrated Models in the Bakken](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/physics-based-refrac-sensitivity-and-optimization-using-calibrated-models-in-the-bakken) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2026. - [Applications of Numerical Modeling to Develop Insights into RTA Interpretation](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/applications-of-numerical-modeling-to-develop-insights-into-rta-interpretation) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2026. - [Reconciling Performance Differences During Primary Production and Enhanced Oil Recovery for Two Collocated Wells Using a Coupled Reservoir Simulator](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/reconciling-performance-differences-during-primary-production-and-enhanced-oil-recovery-for-two-collocated-wells-using-a-coupled-reservoir-simulator) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2026. - [Development of continuous estimates of the least principal stress with depth for application to multi‑stage hydraulic fracturing](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/development-of-continuous-estimates-of-the-least-principal-stress-with-depth-for-application-to-multi-stage-hydraulic-fracturing) - Paper published in the February 2026 publication of Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, Volume 12, Article 49, 2026. - [Statistical Review of 225 Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests from the Montney Shale](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/statistical-review-of-225-diagnostic-fracture-injection-tests-from-the-montney-shale) - Paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, February 2026. - [Case Studies Applying a Wellbore-Proppant Simulator in the Midland Basin, Montney, and Bakken Shale Plays](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/case-studies-applying-a-wellbore-proppant-simulator-in-the-midland-basin-montney-and-bakken-shale-plays) - Paper published in Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-energy and Geo-resources 11, 110 (2025). - [In-Situ CO2 Mineralization Case Study: Optimizing Well Design and Injection Strategy in the Greenhills Ultramafic Deposits, New Zealand](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/in-situ-co2-mineralization-case-study-optimizing-well-design-and-injection-strategy-in-the-greenhills-ultramafic-deposits-new-zealand) - Paper posted in SPE Journal, Volume 30, Issue 10, October 2025. - [Estimating Reservoir Permeability and Fracture Surface Area Using the Flowback DFIT (“DFIT-FBA”)](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-novel-and-fast-approach-for-estimating-reservoir-permeability-and-fracture-surface-area-using-the-flowback-dfit-dfit-fba) - The DFIT flowback analysis (DFIT-FBA) method, a sequence of pump-in/flowback (PIFB), is a fast alternative to the pump-in/falloff (conventional) DFIT for estimating minimum in-situ stress and reservoir pressure. Because the properties of the fracture are unknown, reservoir permeability cannot be estimated directly and therefore well productivity index (PI) has been reported in previous DFIT-FBA studies. - [Conventional and Unconventional Development Part III: Extrapolation of Conventional Horizontal Fractured Well Development to Lower Permeability Reservoirs](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/conventional-and-unconventional-development-part-iii-extrapolation-of-conventional-horizontal-fractured-well-development-to-lower-permeability-reservoirs) - Paper presented at the SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, Muscat, Oman, September 2025. - [Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Along Bedding Planes May Be More Prevalent Than We Think](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/hydraulic-fracture-propagation-along-bedding-planes-may-be-more-prevalent-than-we-think) - Paper presented at the SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, Muscat, Oman, September 2025. - [Recent Developments in Hydraulic Fracturing From a (Primarily) Geomechanical Lens](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/recent-developments-in-hydraulic-fracturing-from-a-primarily-geomechanical-lens) - Paper published in Reservoir: The Magazine of Canadian Energy Geoscientists, pages 16-22, September-October 2025. - [StageOpt technical write-up](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/stageopt-technical-write-up) - This paper was published on arXiv on November 2, 2023. - [Fracture Conductivity, Proppant Loading, and Well Performance in the Bakken](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/fracture-conductivity-proppant-loading-and-well-performance-in-the-bakken) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2025. - [Blind Testing Simulator Predictions of Refracturing Performance in the Bakken and the Permian Basin](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/blind-testing-simulator-predictions-of-refracturing-performance-in-the-bakken-and-the-permian-basin) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2025. - [Designing the Record-Breaking Enhanced Geothermal System at Project Cape](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/designing-the-record-breaking-enhanced-geothermal-system-at-project-cape) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2025. - [Augmented Drainage Development (ADD) - An Evaluation of Field Development Applications in the Bakken](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/augmented-drainage-development-add-an-evaluation-of-field-development-applications-in-the-bakken) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2025. - [Conventional and Unconventional Development Part II: Extrapolation ofUnconventional Horizontal Development to Low Permeability Reservoirs](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/conventional-and-unconventional-development-part-ii-extrapolation-ofunconventional-horizontal-development-to-low-permeability-reservoirs) - Paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, February 2025. - [Conventional and Unconventional Developments Part I: What Applies, Where and Why ?](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/conventional-and-unconventional-developments-part-i-what-applies-where-and-why) - Paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, February 2025. - [Incorporating Physical Observations in Analytical Models for Enhanced Well Performance Prediction in the Midland Basin](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/incorporating-physical-observations-in-analytical-models-for-enhanced-well-performance-prediction-in-the-midland-basin) - Paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, February 2025. - [Slicing the Onion of Multi-Variate Unconventional Stimulation Optimization](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/slicing-the-onion-of-multi-variate-unconventional-stimulation-optimization) - Paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, February 2025. - [Enhanced geothermal systems for clean firm energy generation](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/enhanced-geothermal-systems-for-clean-firm-energy-generation) - Paper published in Nature Reviews Clean Technology, pages 148-160, January 2025. - [Far-field Drainage Along Hydraulic Fractures: Insights From Integrated Modeling Studies in the Bakken and Permian Basin](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/far-field-drainage-along-hydraulic-fractures-insights-from-integrated-modeling-studies-in-the-bakken-and-permian-basin) - Paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, February 2025. - [An accurate and efficient method for calculating fluid exchange between fractures and matrix with a non-conforming mesh](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/an-accurate-and-efficient-method-for-calculating-fluid-exchange-between-fractures-and-matrix-with-a-non-conforming-mesh) - I propose the 1D Subgrid Method for calculating fluid exchange between fractures and matrix with a non-conforming mesh. The method is demonstrated on linear and radial flow problems. The method has negligible computational cost and is accurate at all levels of mesh refinement. - [An upscaling based three parameter elastic anisotropy model](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/an-upscaling-based-three-parameter-elastic-anisotropy-model) - This paper was published by Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering on 10 July 2023. - [Sensitivity Analysis of the Main Variables Affecting the EUR Response Under Parent-Child Effect, Using a Comprehensive Simulation Workflow in the Core of Vaca Muerta](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-of-the-main-variables-affecting-the-eur-response-under-parent-child-effect-using-a-comprehensive-simulation-workflow-in-the-core-of-vaca-muerta) - The topic of this paper is related to the study of what is known in the industry as the "parent-child" effect. This is accomplished by using a coupled hydraulic fracture and reservoir simulator to perform a sensitivity analysis of the impact on the results of the EUR of the child well, based on a conceptual static model for the hub core of the Vaca Muerta, considering two landing zones, different spacing between wells, degree of depletion of the parent well, the addition of a second child well and the use of an improved completion design for the child well. - [Predicting variations of the least principal stress with depth: Application to unconventional oil and gas reservoirs using a log-based viscoelastic stress relaxation model](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/predicting-variations-of-the-least-principal-stress-with-depth-application-to-unconventional-oil-and-gas-reservoirs-using-a-log-based-viscoelastic-stress-relaxation-model) - Knowledge of layer-to-layer variations of the least principal stress Sh⁢minwith depth is essential for optimization of multistage hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs. Using a geomechanical model based on viscoelastic stress relaxation in relatively clay-rich rocks, we have developed a new method for predicting continuous Sh⁢minvariations with depth. - [Predicting Variations of Least Principal Stress with Depth in Unconventional Reservoirs from Laboratory Data Using the Concept of Viscoelastic Stress Relaxation](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/predicting-variations-of-least-principal-stress-with-depth-in-unconventional-reservoirs-from-laboratory-data-using-the-concept-of-viscoelastic-stress-relaxation) - Variations of minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) with depth and geological layering are observed frequently in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs through field stress measurements. In this study, we show that these variations can be predicted by laboratory creep experiments performed on rock samples from representative geological layers utilizing the concept of viscoelastic stress relaxation. - [A model for proppant dynamics in a perforated wellbore](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-model-for-proppant-dynamics-in-a-perforated-wellbore) - This paper presents a model to simulate behavior of particle-laden slurry in a horizontal perforated wellbore with the goal of quantifying fluid and particle distribution between the perforations. There are two primary phenomena that influence the result. The first one is the non-uniform particle distribution within the wellbore’s cross-section and how it changes along the flow. The second phenomenon is related to the ability of particles to turn from the wellbore to a perforation. - [Impacts of Variations of the Minimum Horizontal Stress on Hydraulic Fracture Growth and Microseismicity](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/impacts-of-variations-of-the-minimum-horizontal-stress-on-hydraulic-fracture-growth-and-microseismicity) - Paper presented at the 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, June 2022. - [Optimizing Completions in Tank Style Development](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/optimizing-completions-in-tank-style-development) - Tank-style development in the thick Spraberry-Wolfcamp sequence in the Midland Basin offers a variety of operational efficiency gains which directly translate into cost savings for the operator who has the foresight to plan their acreage development in this manner. Simultaneous development of multiple stacked pay zones presents a technical challenge to maximize production from each zone and the value of the entire DSU, while achieving cost savings, as appropriate. - [Lithologically-Controlled Variations of the Least Principal Stress with Depth and Resultant Frac Fingerprints During Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/lithologically-controlled-variations-of-the-least-principal-stress-with-depth-and-resultant-frac-fingerprints-during-multi-stage-hydraulic-fracturing) - We present observational data and modeling results which support the hypothesis that the degree of vertical to horizontal hydraulic fracture propagation during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is largely controlled by variations of the least principal stress with depth. It is obvious that monotonic variations of the least principal stress with depth imply either upward or downward hydraulic fracture growth. - [Using Quantitative Tracer Analysis to Calibrate Hydraulic Fracture and Reservoir Simulation Models: A Permian Basin Case Study](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/using-quantitative-tracer-analysis-to-calibrate-hydraulic-fracture-and-reservoir-simulation-models-a-permian-basin-case-study) - Well spacing and hydraulic fracture design optimization are among the most important challenges confronting companies operating in unconventional reservoirs. Field trials are time consuming and expensive. - [Using Geochemical Production Allocation to Calibrate Hydraulic Fracture and Reservoir Simulation Models: A Permian Basin Case Study](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/using-geochemical-production-allocation-to-calibrate-hydraulic-fracture-and-reservoir-simulation-models-a-permian-basin-case-study) - This paper demonstrates how geochemical production allocations can be used to calibrate reservoir simulation models and improve the optimization of well spacing and hydraulic fracture design in unconventional assets. Geochemical analyses provide quantitative assessments of flow by layer over time. This allows numerical models to be fine-tuned to realistically capture the productive fracture height for wells landed in different stratigraphic layers. - [A new method for interpreting well-to-well interference tests and quantifying the magnitude of production impact: theory and applications in a multi-basin case study](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-new-method-for-interpreting-well-to-well-interference-tests-and-quantifying-the-magnitude-of-production-impact-theory-and-applications-in-a-multi-basin-case-study) - Interference tests are used in shale reservoirs to evaluate the strength of connectivity between wells. The results inform engineering decisions about well spacing. In this paper, we propose a new procedure for interpreting interference tests. - [Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation and Long-Term Fluid Circulation at the Utah FORGE Project](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/numerical-modeling-of-hydraulic-stimulation-and-long-term-fluid-circulation-at-the-utah-forge-project) - In the coming months, the Utah FORGE project plans to connect two vertically offset inclined wells – 16A and 16B – using multistage hydraulic fracturing. Six fracturing stages will be performed, varying: fluid type, cluster spacing, flow rate, total volume, and (possibly) proppant type. - [Estimating Stress from Fracture Injection Tests: Comparing Pressure Transient Interpretations with In-Situ Strain Measurements](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/estimating-stress-from-fracture-injection-tests-comparing-pressure-transient-interpretations-with-in-situ-strain-measurements) - A series of fracture injection tests and flow tests have been performed at two different locations within the facility. The tests involved cycles of injection at pressures above the minimum principal stress with fracture opening and propagation, followed by extended shut-in periods. - [A Feasibility Study on Three Geothermal Designs: Deep Closed-Loop (with and without Conductive Fractures) and Open-Loop Circulation Between Multifractured Laterals](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-feasibility-study-on-three-geothermal-designs-deep-closed-loop-with-and-without-conductive-fractures-and-open-loop-circulation-between-multifractured-laterals) - We performed a modeling study to compare the feasibility of three geothermal designs: a closedloop heat exchanger, a closed-loop heat exchanger with hydraulic fractures engineered to contain thermally conductive material, and an open-loop two-well doublet with multistage fracturing along horizontal laterals. - [Optimizing Well Spacing and Completion Design Using Simulation Models Calibrated to the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 2 (HFTS-2) Dataset](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/optimizing-well-spacing-and-completion-design-using-simulation-models-calibrated-to-the-hydraulic-fracture-test-site-2-hfts-2-dataset) - This paper presents a calibration and optimization workflow using a fully coupled hydraulic fracturing, reservoir, and geomechanics simulator, as applied to the HFTS-2 dataset in the Delaware Basin, Texas, USA. Modeling began with building a geomechanical stress profile using the viscoelastic stress relaxation (VSR) method. - [Thermoelastic fracturing and buoyancy-driven convection – Surprising sources of longevity for EGS circulation](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/thermoelastic-fracturing-and-buoyancydriven-convection-surprising-sources-of-longevity-for-egs-circulation) - To maximize value from an EGS system, engineers need to optimize flow rate, well spacing, and well configuration. Numerical simulations yield interesting and surprising results regarding the effect of coupled processes on long term thermal performance. - [Analysis of Uniformity of Proppant Distribution Between Clusters Based on a Proppant-Wellbore Dynamics Model](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/analysis-of-uniformity-of-proppant-distribution-between-clusters-based-on-a-proppant-wellbore-dynamics-model) - Limited entry technique is often employed to achieve uniform flow distribution between perforation clusters during hydraulic fracturing treatment. However, the proppant distribution between clusters will not necessarily be uniform, even if the slurry distribution is uniform. - [Using in-situ strain measurements to evaluate the accuracy of stress estimation procedures from fracture injection/shut-in tests](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/using-in-situ-strain-measurements-to-evaluate-the-accuracy-of-stress-estimation-procedures-from-fracture-injection-shut-in-tests) - Fracture injection/shut-in tests are commonly used to measure the state of stress in the subsurface. Injection creates a hydraulic fracture (or in some cases, opens a preexisting fracture), and then the pressure after shut-in is monitored to identify fracture closure. - [Calibration Parameters Required to Match the Utah FORGE 16A(78)-32 Stage 3 Stimulation with a Planar Fracturing Model](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/calibration-parameters-required-to-match-the-utah-forge-16a78-32-stage-3-stimulation-with-a-planar-fracturing-model) - Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) use hydraulic stimulation to improve production from high temperature, relatively low permeability formations. EGS projects are usually performed in crystalline lithologies, such as granite. - [Making Sense Out of a Complicated Parent/Child Well Dataset: A Bakken Case Study](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/making-sense-out-of-a-complicated-parent-child-well-dataset-a-bakken-case-study) - We use a high-quality dataset in the Bakken Shale to calibrate a numerical model to a complex and diverse set of parent/child observations. Two vertical wells (V1 and V2) were drilled 1000 ft and 1200 ft away from a legacy well with 10 years of production, H1. A DFIT was performed in the V1, followed by a 24 hour low-rate injection in the H1 (a microseismic depletion delineation, MDD, test). Subsequently, a small frac job was performed in the V1, followed by DFITs in the V1 and V2. - [Results from a Collaborative Industry Study on Parent/Child Interactions: Bakken, Permian Basin, and Montney](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/results-from-a-collaborative-industry-study-on-parent-child-interactions-bakken-permian-basin-and-montney) - This paper presents results from a collaborative industry study involving ten high-quality pad-scale datasets from the Delaware Basin, Midland Basin, Bakken, and Montney. The study had three primary goals: (a) compare/contrast observations between each dataset, (b) identify general strategies that can be used to mitigate parent/child impacts, and (c) provide concrete recommendations to optimize fracture design and well placement. - [Modelling of Parent Child Well Interactions](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/modelling-of-parent-child-well-interactions) - We performed a modeling study calibrating a coupled "true" hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator to a complex set of observations from a parent-child well pad in the STACK play located in the Anadarko Basin area of Oklahoma. The model was constrained by sealed wellbore pressure monitoring, interference testing, pressure responses during frac hits, production data, and responses to chemical treatment. - [Marcellus Field Development Optimization: Multi-Bench Evaluation in Bradford County, PA](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/marcellus-field-development-optimization-multi-bench-evaluation-in-bradford-county-pa) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2024. Paper Number: URTEC-4044722-MS - [Case Studies in Integrated Fracture Design and Well Spacing Optimization in Shale](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/modeling-of-proppant-flowback-to-quantify-and-predict-its-impact-on-shale-gas-production-under-different-drawdown-strategies-a-vaca-muerta-case-study) - Well spacing and hydraulic fracture design have an enormous impact on the economic performance of wells in shale. Key design parameters include: (a) horizontal and vertical well placement, (b) stage length, (c) cluster spacing, (d) cluster shot count, diameter, and phasing, (e) proppant and fluid type, (f) proppant and fluid volume, and (g) injection rate. Case studies from the Bakken, Delaware Basin, Midland Basin, and Montney shale plays are presented. Numerical simulation is used to evaluate alternative options and maximize economic objectives. - [Case History of Drainage Mapping and Effective Fracture Length in the Bakken](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/case-history-of-drainage-mapping-and-effective-fracture-length-in-the-bakken) - Understanding effective fracture length and characterizing drainage patterns is critical for optimal development of unconventional resources. This paper documents a comprehensive field experiment in the Bakken formation, where several fracture diagnostic technologies and drainage mapping methods were used in a unique project setup to measure effective fracture length and map drainage. - [A Physics-Based Approach to Characterize Productivity Loss in the Haynesville Shale](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-physics-based-approach-to-characterize-productivity-loss-in-the-haynesville-shale) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2024. - [A Case Study of Bakken Development Optimization with Complex Constraints](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-case-study-of-bakken-development-optimization-with-complex-constraints) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2024. - [The Perfect Frac Stage, What’s the Value?](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/the-perfect-frac-stage-whats-the-value) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2024. - [Optimizing Shale Economics with an Integrated Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Simulator and a Bayesian Automated History Matching and Optimization Algorithm](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/optimizing-shale-economics-with-an-integrated-hydraulic-fracturing-and-reservoir-simulator-and-a-bayesian-automated-history-matching-and-optimization-algorithm) - This study describes an automated history matching and optimization workflow using an integrated hydraulic fracturing reservoir simulator and applies the workflow in four cases. The automated workflow solves a formal mathematical optimization problem to minimize misfit with observations from any point in the lifecycle of a hydraulically fractured well, or to maximize a quantity of interest, such as net present value. - [A Three-Dimensional Reservoir, Wellbore, and Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator that is Compositional and Thermal, Tracks Proppant and Water Solute Transport, Includes Non-Darcy and Non-Newtonian Flow, and Handles Fracture Closure](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-three-dimensional-reservoir-wellbore-and-hydraulic-fracturing-simulator-that-is-compositional-and-thermal-tracks-proppant-and-water-solute-transport-includes-non-darcy-and-non-newtonian-flow-an) - We present a three-dimensional reservoir, wellbore, and hydraulic fracturing simulator with the following capabilities: (1) compositional fluid model, (2) multiphase flow, (3) thermal, (4) proppant transport with gravitational settling, bulk slurry gravitational convection, hindered settling, clustered settling, and the effect of proppant concentration on slurry viscosity, (5) solute transport, (6) non-Newtonian fluid rheology with the modified power law (capable of representing the low shear rate viscosity plateau), (7) non-Darcy flow in the fractures, and (8) the ability to handle fracture closure. - [A New Crack Propagation Algorithm That Enables Accurate Simulation Of Propagation Across Thin Layers In A Practical Field-scale Fracturing Model](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-new-crack-propagation-algorithm-that-enables-accurate-simulation-of-propagation-across-thin-layers-in-a-practical-field-scale-fracturing-model) - We developed a propagation algorithm that enables accurate calculation of hydraulic fracture geometry, even in the presence of thin layers and with a relatively coarse crack mesh. Conventionally, hydraulic fracture simulators either add one element at a time (less accurate) or require constant remeshing (computationally expensive). - [A continuous fracture front tracking algorithm with multi layer tip elements (MuLTipEl) for a plane strain hydraulic fracture](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-continuous-fracture-front-tracking-algorithm-with-multi-layer-tip-elements-multipel-for-a-plane-strain-hydraulic-fracture) - The problem of a plane strain hydraulic fracture propagating in a layered formation is considered. Fracture toughness, in-situ stress, and leak-off coefficient are assumed to vary by layer, while the elastic properties are kept constant throughout the domain for simplicity. - [A comparison of hydraulic fracture front tracking algorithms](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-comparison-of-hydraulic-fracture-front-tracking-algorithms) - To better understand potential benefits, the purpose of this study is to evaluate accuracy of two hydraulic fracture front algorithms, namely the one with Multi Layer Tip Elements (MuLTipEl) and Implicit Level Set Algorithm (ILSA). Both of these algorithms use the tip asymptotic solution to advance the fracture front, but use very different logic underneath. - [Nuances and Frequently Asked Questions in Field-Scale Hydraulic Fracture Modeling](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/nuances-and-frequently-asked-questions-in-field-scale-hydraulic-fracture-modeling) - Next, we address specific technical topics related to modeling and the overall physics of hydraulic fracturing: (1) interrelationships between cluster spacing and other design parameters, (2) processes affecting fracture size, (3) fracture symmetry/asymmetry, (4) proppant settling versus trapping, (5) applications of Rate-Transient Analysis (RTA), (6) net pressure matching, (7) Initial Shut-In Pressure (ISIP) trends along the wellbore, and (8) the effect of understressed/underpressured layers. - [Design and Implementation of Field Tests in Unconventional Reservoirs: Practical Perspectives](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/design-and-implementation-of-field-tests-in-unconventional-reservoirs-practical-perspectives) - Optimizing the development of unconventional resources is a complex process, with significant uncertainty in reservoir characterization, completion effectiveness, and drainage efficiency. The primary parameters in the optimization are: stage length, cluster spacing, fluid type and volume, proppant type and loading, well spacing, landing zone(s), and lateral length. - [Near-Wellbore Deposition of High Conductivity Proppant To Improve Effective Fracture Conductivity And Productivity of Horizontal Well Stimulations](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/near-wellbore-deposition-of-high-conductivity-proppant-to-improve-effective-fracture-conductivity-and-productivity-of-horizontal-well-stimulations) - This paper reports the results of two projects to address the engineering of the near-wellbore fracture conductivity for horizontal well fracturing. - [Applying a Combined Hydraulic Fracturing, Reservoir, and Wellbore Simulator: Staged Field Experiment #3, Cluster Spacing, and Stacked Parent/Child Frac Hits](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/applying-a-combined-hydraulic-fracturing-reservoir-and-wellbore-simulator-staged-field-experiment-3-cluster-spacing-and-stacked-parent-child-frac-hits) - The simulator describes hydraulic fracturing, shut-in, and production in a single continuous simulation. It describes multiphase effects (using either the black oil model or a compositional fluid model), thermal effects, transport of tracers and/or non-Newtonian fluid additives, stress shadowing from fracture propagation, and poroelastic stress effects from depletion, and uses a detailed proppant transport algorithm. - [Integrated Analysis of the Coupling Between Geomechanics and Operational Parameters to Optimize Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Proppant Distribution](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/integrated-analysis-of-the-coupling-between-geomechanics-and-operational-parameters-to-optimize-hydraulic-fracture-propagation-and-proppant-distribution) - This paper presents an analysis of the interactions between stimulation design and two important geomechanical effects: the variation of least principal stress (Shmin) between lithological layers and the stress shadow effect that arises from simultaneously propagating adjacent hydraulic fractures. - [A Collaborative Study on DFIT Interpretation: Integrating Modeling, Field Data, and Analytical Techniques](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-collaborative-study-on-dfit-interpretation-integrating-modeling-field-data-and-analytical-techniques) - This paper summarizes findings from a one-year study sponsored by seven operators and service companies to investigate interpretation of diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFIT’s). The study combined computational modeling, a diverse collection of field data, and operator experience. - [A Utica Case Study: The Impact of Permeability Estimates on History Matching, Fracture Length, and Well Spacing](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-utica-case-study-the-impact-of-permeability-estimates-on-history-matching-fracture-length-and-well-spacing) - Maximizing economic performance in shale requires optimal selection of well and cluster spacing, among other parameters. Reservoir engineering calculations can be used to optimize spacing, but these calculations are impacted by uncertainties in input parameters. - [Applying Field-Proven Surface Modified Proppant SMP to Increase Gas Production: A Case Study from Marcellus Shale](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/applying-field-proven-surface-modified-proppant-smp-to-increase-gas-production-a-case-study-from-marcellus-shale) - In shale formations, operators are constantly seeking new technologies to improve proppant transport and conductivity in order to boost production. A novel technique known as surface modified proppant (SMP) has been pumped in more than a dozen wells in the United States, with proven results of increased production. - [RTA Assisted History Matching with a Combined Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Simulator](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/rta-assisted-history-matching-with-a-combined-hydraulic-fracturing-and-reservoir-simulator) - Using intuition from these simulations, we show how to expedite history matching by changing matrix permeability, fracture conductivity, matrix pressure dependent permeability, boundary effects, and relative permeability. - [High Fidelity Fibre-optic Observations and Resultant Fracture Modeling in Support of Planarity](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/high-fidelity-fibre-optic-observations-and-resultant-fracture-modeling-in-support-of-planarity) - In this study, we present field monitoring observations indicating consistently oriented, planar fractures in an offset-well at different landing zones in the Permian basin. Frac hit counts, location, and timing statistics can be compiled from the data using offset wells at different distances and depths. - [Guest Editorial: Why Multistage Stimulation Could Transform the Geothermal Industry](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/guest-editorial-why-multistage-stimulation-could-transform-the-geothermal-industry) - Technologies developed in the oil and gas sector have the potential to overcome these limitations and unlock dramatically increased geothermal production in the US and worldwide. Success is far from certain, but with the enthusiasm, ingenuity, and capital flowing toward these technologies, there is a realistic shot at breakthrough success. - [The Impact of Extended-Time Proppant Conductivity Impairment on the Ultimate Recovery from Unconventional Horizontal Well Completions](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/the-impact-of-extended-time-proppant-conductivity-impairment-on-the-ultimate-recovery-from-unconventional-horizontal-well-completions) - The stimulation design of hydraulically fractured wells has always pitted the engineer's capability to maximize the fracture extent (or fracture half-length within the formation) versus the conductivity of the fracture pack generated by the deposited proppant material. - [Optimization and Design of Next-Generation Geothermal Systems Created by Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/optimization-and-design-of-next-generation-geothermal-systems-created-by-multistage-hydraulic-fracturing) - In this study, we perform a modeling study to investigate key physical processes and design considerations for a geothermal system created from multistage hydraulic stimulation. We use a simulator that fully integrates a wellbore simulator, a hydraulic fracturing simulator, and a thermal/compositional reservoir simulator. - [Modeling Frac Hits: Mechanisms for Damage Versus Uplift](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/modeling-frac-hits-mechanisms-for-damage-versus-uplift) - Paper presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February 2022. - [Utilizing Thermally Controlled Fluid to Improve Cluster Uniformity and Efficiency](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/utilizing-thermally-controlled-fluid-to-improve-cluster-uniformity-and-efficiency) - This paper investigates how thermoelasticity effects may impact cluster stimulation uniformity and fracture initiation and growth in horizontal, multifractured laterals. Thermal cooling has been previously shown to lower the minimum principal stress and induce fracturing in conventional reservoirs. - [Field Development Optimization of Haynesville Shale Wells](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/field-development-optimization-of-haynesville-shale-wells) - Field development relies on understanding geological changes across a shale asset, adopting a successful landing zone strategy, and optimizing completion designs specific to each landing zone. Different areas may require different landing zone strategies or completion designs as a function of lithological and geological changes across the asset. Depletion effects also impact optimal landing and completion designs among pads. - [Estimating Reservoir Permeability and Fracture Surface Area Using the Flowback DFIT (DFIT-FBA)](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/estimating-reservoir-permeability-and-fracture-surface-area-using-the-flowback-dfit-dfit-fba) - The parameters of interest derived from a diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) are minimum in-situ stress, reservoir pressure, and permeability. The DFIT flowback analysis (DFIT-FBA) method, a sequence of pump-in/flowback (PIFB), is a fast alternative to the pump-in/falloff (conventional) DFIT for estimating minimum in-situ stress and reservoir pressure. - [Results From a Collaborative Parent/Child Industry Study: Permian Basin](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/results-from-a-collaborative-parent-child-industry-study-permian-basin) - This paper summarizes results from a collaborative industry study involving seven operators and ten pad-scale datasets across four different shale plays (Delaware, Midland, Bakken, and Montney). This paper specifically focuses on a subset of the datasets from the Midland and Delaware Basins. The project had three main objectives: (a) compare/contrast observations between datasets and basins, (b) develop general insights into parent/child interactions and techniques for mitigating impact, and (c) provide customized economic optimization recommendations for each individual operator and dataset. Each dataset was a high quality ‘science pad,’ involving a full suite of high-quality diagnostics. - [A Catalogue of Fiber Optics Strain-Rate Fracture Driven Interactions](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-catalogue-of-fiber-optics-strain-rate-fracture-driven-interactions) - The downhole monitoring of strain using Fiber Optics (FO) can reveal unique information about the propagation and geometry of hydraulic fractures between nearby wells during stimulation and production. - [Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring (SWPM) and Calibrated Fracture Modeling: The Next Step in Unconventional Completions Optimization](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/sealed-wellbore-pressure-monitoring-swpm-and-calibrated-fracture-modeling-the-next-step-in-unconventional-completions-optimization) - Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring (SWPM) has been utilized across North and South America Basins with over 16,000 stages monitored as of June 2022. Since May 2020, the analysis procedure has been automated using a cloud-based software platform designed to ingest, process, and analyze high-frequency hydraulic fracturing data. A real-time option of SWPM was also developed to aid in real-time fracturing decisions. - [Technical Barriers for Deep Closed-Loop Geothermal](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/technical-barriers-for-deep-closed-loop-geothermal) - To name a few, promising new approaches to Enhanced Geothermal Systems, geothermal projects in sedimentary and lower enthalpy formations, new approaches for geothermal exploration, lithium extraction from produced brines, geothermal energy storage, integrations with CO2 storage and capture, and new technologies for producing energy from hot water that is coproduced with oil and gas. - [A Success Story: Screening and Optimizing Refracs in the Eagle Ford](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-success-story-screening-and-optimizing-refracs-in-the-eagle-ford) - In 2019-2020, a modeling study was undertaken to characterize past refrac performance and to provide screening criteria and design improvements for future refracs. In the subsequent years, refrac design changes, informed by modeling, were successfully tested and evaluated in the field. - [A Model for Optimizing Proppant Distribution Between Perforations](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/a-model-for-optimizing-proppant-distribution-between-perforations) - Uniform proppant distribution between perforation clusters is one of the goals in hydraulic fracturing operations. However, this can be challenging to achieve, even if limited entry is used to acheive a nearly uniform fluid distribution. - [Two is Better Than One: How Measuring Twice Substantiates Surprising Results. Three Cases Studies from North American Unconventionals](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/two-is-better-than-one-how-measuring-twice-substantiates-surprising-results-three-cases-studies-from-north-american-unconventionals) - Subsurface realizations are uncertain. Uncertain realizations are refined with additional diagnostics and physics-based modeling establishes physical-plausibility of a realization. - [Impact of Well Orientation on Well Productivity](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/impact-of-well-orientation-on-well-productivity) - Hydraulic fractures tend to propagate in a plane that is perpendicular to the least principal stress. As a result, unconventional oil and gas wells are typically drilled in the direction of minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) to maximize drainage area. However, in some regions, due to acreage constraints, wells are drilled to maximize the number of wells instead of the ideal orientation with respect to subsurface stresses. - [Practical Optimization of Perforation Design with a General Correlation for Proppant and Slurry Transport from the Wellbore](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/practical-optimization-of-perforation-design-with-a-general-correlation-for-proppant-and-slurry-transport-from-the-wellbore) - During plug and perf completion, perforation pressure drop is used to encourage a uniform distribution of flow between clusters by overcoming stress shadowing, stress variability, and nonuniform breakdown pressure. However, proppant inertia, gravitational settling, and perforation erosion contribute to nonuniformity, even with an aggressive limited-entry design. In prior work, Dontsov (2023) developed a correlation for predicting proppant outflow from the wellbore as a function of slurry velocity, perforation phasing, and other parameters. - [Interference Testing in Shale: A Generalized ‘Degree of Production Interference’ (DPI) and Developing New Insights into the Chow Pressure Group (CPG)](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/interference-testing-in-shale-a-generalized-degree-of-production-interference-dpi-and-developing-new-insights-into-the-chow-pressure-group-cpg) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2024. - [Avoiding the Salts: Strategic Fracture Propagation Management for Enhanced Stimulation Efficiency in the Cane Creek Play](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/avoiding-the-salts-strategic-fracture-propagation-management-for-enhanced-stimulation-efficiency-in-the-cane-creek-play) - Paper presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, June 2024. - [Modeling of Proppant Flowback to Quantify and Predict its Impact on Shale Gas Production under Different Drawdown Strategies – A Vaca Muerta Case Study](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/modeling-of-proppant-flowback-to-quantify-and-predict-its-impact-on-shale-gas-production-under-different-drawdown-strategies-a-vaca-muerta-case-study-2) - Aggressive drawdown on unconventional wells commonly leads to the return of proppant pumped during the stimulation treatment, reducing propped fracture aperture, with potential impact on hydrocarbon production. Despite being identified by the available literature as a source of concern to operators, how much proppant flowback affects unconventional well production is a question that remains unanswered. This study quantifies the impact of proppant flowback on gas production under different drawdown scenarios through numerical simulations history-matched with proppant production measurements in the field. - [Optimization of Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs in the Context of Stress Variations with Depth](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/optimization-of-multi-stage-hydraulic-fracturing-in-unconventional-reservoirs-in-the-context-of-stress-variations-with-depth) - Stage length and perforation cluster spacing are important design parameters for multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. This study aims to demonstrate that the interplay between subtle variations of the least principal stress (Shmin) with depth and the stress shadows induced by simultaneously propagating hydraulic fractures from multiple perforation clusters, primarily determines the propped and fractured area in the target formations. - [Advances in the Interpretation of Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/advances-in-the-interpretation-of-diagnostic-fracture-injection-tests-chapter-7-of-unconventional-shale-gas-development-lessons-learned) - Diagnostic fracture injection tests are used to estimate stress, permeability, and pore pressure. A small volume of fluid is injected (7–100+ bbl at 1–15 bpm), and then the well is shut-in for several days or weeks. Injection creates a hydraulic fracture, which closes during shut-in. The pressure transient is analyzed to estimate the formation properties. - [Best Practices in DFIT Interpretation: Comparative Analysis of 62 DFITs from Nine Different Shale Plays](https://www.resfrac.com/papers/best-practices-in-dfit-interpretation-comparative-analysis-of-62-dfits-from-nine-different-shale-plays) - In URTeC-123-2019, a group of operators and service companies presented a step-by-step procedure for interpretation of diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs). The procedure has now been applied on a wide variety of data across North and South America. This paper statistically summarizes results from 62 of these DFITs, contributed by ten operators spanning nine different shale plays. URTeC-123-2019 made several novel claims, which are tested and validated in this paper. ## Locations - [MENA](https://www.resfrac.com/location/mena) - [Argentina](https://www.resfrac.com/location/vaca-muerta) - [Pennsylvania](https://www.resfrac.com/location/marcellus) - [Texas](https://www.resfrac.com/location/haynesville) - [Texas](https://www.resfrac.com/location/delaware-basin) - [Texas](https://www.resfrac.com/location/eagle-ford) - [Texas](https://www.resfrac.com/location/midland-basin) - [Oklahoma](https://www.resfrac.com/location/woodford-midcon-2) - [North Dakota](https://www.resfrac.com/location/bakken-basin) - [Utah](https://www.resfrac.com/location/uinta) - [Utah](https://www.resfrac.com/location/geothermal-3) - UT/ geothermal - [Nevada](https://www.resfrac.com/location/geothermal-2) - NV - [Canada](https://www.resfrac.com/location/montney) - [Wyoming](https://www.resfrac.com/location/powder-river) - [Ohio](https://www.resfrac.com/location/utica) - [Colorado](https://www.resfrac.com/location/niobara) - 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